Quotes by Comedian and Actress Mae West

Mae West was best known as a comedian and actress whose bawdy plays and movies were full of double entendres and attracted the attention of industry censors. Less well known is her role as writer in many productions. Her film career—mainly at Paramount in the 1930s—seemed to stop in 1943, but she returned in the 1970s for cult classic Myra Breckinridge and Sextette. Selected Mae West Quotations †¢ I believe in censorship. I made a fortune out of it. †¢ If I asked for a cup of coffee, someone would search for the double meaning. †¢ I wrote the story myself. Its all about a girl who lost her reputation but never missed it. †¢ When Im good, Im very good. When Im bad, Im better. †¢ Too much of a good thing can be wonderful. †¢ Its hard to be funny when you have to be clean. †¢ Im a woman of very few words, but lots of action. †¢ I generally avoid temptation unless I cant resist it. †¢ It isnt what I do, but how I do it. It isnt what I say, but how I say it, and how I look when I do it and say it. †¢ Ill try anything once, twice if I like it, three times to make sure. †¢ When choosing between two evils, I always like to try the one Ive never tried before. †¢ Marriage is a great institution, but Im not ready for an institution yet. †¢ I used to be Snow White, but I drifted. †¢ Why dont you come on up and see me sometime—when Ive got nothin on but the radio. †¢ Why dont you come up sometime and see me? Im home every evening. Come up. Ill tell your fortune. Ah, you can be had. †¢ Lifes just a merry-go-round. Come on up. You might get a brass ring. †¢ Shes the kind of girl who climbed the ladder of success wrong by wrong. †¢ When women go wrong, men go right after them. †¢ There are no good girls gone wrong, just bad girls found out. †¢ Is that a banana in your pocket, or are you just happy to see me? †¢ It is better to be looked over than overlooked. †¢ Keep a diary, and someday itll keep you. †¢ To err is human, but it feels divine. †¢ Love conquers all things except poverty and toothache. †¢ Ive been rich and Ive been poor. Believe me, rich is better. †¢ Sex is emotion in motion. †¢ Virtue has its own reward, but no sale at the box office. †¢ Those who are easily shocked should be shocked more often. †¢ I like my clothes to be tight enough to show Im a woman, but loose enough to show Im a lady. †¢ Youre never too old to become younger. †¢ I like restraint, if it doesnt go too far. †¢ Im the lady who works at Paramount all day... and Fox all night. †¢ I never worry about diets. The only carrots that interest me are the number you get in a diamond. †¢ A dame that knows the ropes isnt likely to get tied up. †¢ Love thy neighbor—and if he happens to be tall, debonair, and devastating, it will be that much easier. †¢ Its all right for a perfect stranger to kiss your hand as long as hes perfect. †¢ Its not the men in my life that count, its the life in my men. †¢ Every man I meet wants to protect me. I cant figure out what from. †¢ A man in the house is worth two in the street. †¢ A girl in the convertible is worth five in the phone book. †¢ A hard man is good to find. †¢ Ten men waiting for me at the door? Send one of them home, Im tired. †¢ Give a man a free hand and hell run it all over you. †¢ A man can be short and dumpy and getting bald but if he has fire, women will like him. †¢ An ounce of performance is worth pounds of promises. †¢ Dont keep a man guessing too long—hes sure to find the answer somewhere else. †¢ Look your best—who said love is blind? †¢ Flattery will get you everywhere. †¢ Ive been things and seen places. †¢ Im no angel, but Ive spread my wings a bit. †¢ The score never interested me, only the game. †¢ Men are my hobby. If I ever got married Id have to give it up. †¢ So many men... so little time. †¢ I only like two kinds of men—domestic and imported. †¢ I only have yes men around me. Who needs no men? †¢ Save a boyfriend for a rainy day—and another, in case it doesnt rain. †¢ Some men are all right in their place—if they only knew the right places! †¢ I like a man whos good, but not too good... for the good die young, and I hate a dead one. †¢ I feel like a million tonight. But one at a time. †¢ Men are easy to get but hard to keep. †¢ Men? Sure, Ive known lots of them. But I never found one I liked well enough to marry. Besides, Ive always been busy with my work. Marriage is a career in itself and to make a success of it youve got to keep working at it. So until I can give the proper amount of time to marriage, Ill stay single. †¢ His mother should have thrown him out and kept the stork. †¢ Hes the kind of man a woman would have to marry to get rid of. †¢ Dont marry a man to reform him. Thats what reform schools are for. †¢ Opportunity knocks for every man, but you have to give a woman a ring. †¢ It takes two to get one in trouble. †¢ Too many girls follow the line of least resistance, but a good line is hard to resist. †¢ Good women are no fun. The only good woman I can recall in history was  Betsy Ross. And all she ever made was a flag. †¢ Good sex is like good Bridge. If you dont have a good partner, youd better have a good hand. †¢ Diamonds is my career. †¢ When it comes to finances, remember that there are no withholding taxes on the wages of sin. †¢ No gold-digging for me. I take diamonds! We may be off the gold standard someday. †¢ You can do what you want, but saving love doesnt bring any interest. †¢ Any time you got nothing to do and lots of time to do it, come on up. †¢ Anything worth doing is worth doing slowly. †¢ Kiss and make up—but too much makeup has ruined many a kiss. †¢ Brains are an asset to the woman in love whos smart enough to hide em. †¢ Some women pick men to marry—and others pick them to pieces. †¢ Say what you want about long dresses, but they cover a multitude of shins. †¢ Let men see whats coming to them, and women will get whats coming to them. †¢ Cultivate your curves—they may be dangerous but they wont be avoided. †¢ I didnt discover curves; I only uncovered them. †¢ The curve is more powerful than the sword. †¢ Ive been in more laps than a napkin. †¢ Id like to see Paris before I die. Philadelphia will do. †¢ I see youre a man with ideals. I better be going before youve still got them. †¢ Women with pasts interest men because men hope that history will repeat itself. †¢ Dont ever make the same mistake twice, unless it pays. †¢ Right now I think censorship is necessary; the things theyre doing and saying in films right now just shouldnt be allowed. Theres no dignity anymore and I think thats very important. †¢ The best way to behave is to misbehave. †¢ You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough. Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Essay about Research Methodology Report - 1448 Words

Research Methodology Report My themed research project will centre its focus upon the link between Riot Grrrl and its relation to Third-Wave Feminism. Primarily I aim to analyse Riot Grrrl’s music scene, but also its subculture mentioning its DIY punk ethic, political activism and most importantly its influential Zine network. However the purpose of this report is to demonstrate a grounded understanding in three research methodologies and how I will apply each one in regards to my own project. Firstly I’ll investigate the advantages of an Instrumental Case Study, looking at how it proliferates, rather than narrows a given field of study. Secondly I will delve into Symbolic Interactionism referring to some influential figures involved†¦show more content†¦With this in mind I will aim to use the movement as an Instrumental Case study. Theorist Stake offers the following definition of this form of research explaining that an instrumental case study presents the case as a subject of secondar y interest, and one that plays a supportive role to assist the understanding of something else. (2) Ultimately with the aid of my case study I can focus on the characteristics that defined the Grrrl movement and extract the key information from that era in relation to my question. Finally I must explain that I do not solely believe Riot Grrrl to thoroughly represent third-wave feminism, but rather a smaller part of a much greater collective. With regards to researcher Fredrick Erickson, the most distinctive feature of case studies and other methods of qualitative enquiry are there emphasis upon critical personal interpretation.(3) With this in mind I aim to be able to not only record data objectively but to simultaneously examine its meaning and draw upon my own conclusions. This can be of crucial importance when studying works that may have a biased edge to them. In my case, this primarily refers to information that I will extract from the influential Riot Grrrl Zine* network. Due to the very nature of Zine writing and manufacturing (in bedrooms and in secret at work) having the ability to take an autonomous view on the subject will prove vital in allowing me toShow MoreRelatedReport : Report On Research Methodology1068 Words   |  5 PagesReport on Research Methodology 1. Introduction: An introduction is the first step towards framing a technical paper and it plays a key role in explaining to the readers what exactly the report is about. An introduction should start with a brief introduction about the title and followed by explanation of the basic and important concept in that research paper in short and then follows the problem description. An introduction is just an outline of the research paper. 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P: Children with BMI 30 I: Cutting out soda/ sugar drinks from diet completely C: With children with a BMI 30 who continue to drink soda in their diets O: Improving children’s BMI by cutting out soda alone from their diet Background Childhood obesity has been increasingly on the rise in the United States. ThereRead MoreProject Report of Research Methodology on Comparative Study of Bajaj V/S Hero Honda4468 Words   |  18 PagesPROJECT REPORT OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BAJAJ V/S HERO HONDA SUBMITED TO SUBMITED BY Prof. Neha bansal Vishal jaggi Roll No.820375073 MBA 4th Semester 1 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Vishal jaggi has completed his project report title â€Å"Comparative Study of Bajaj V/S Hero Honda† under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge and belief this is his original work and this, wholly or partially, has not been submitted for any degree of this or any other UniversityRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative And Qualitative Methodologies953 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to have the balance of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in a combined methodologies research study. It is interesting to note that, one clear practical issue in combining both methods is the issue whether the combined methodologies are â€Å"genuinely integrated† (Bryman, 2007). Bryman further argued, to what extent do researchers who combined both methodologies analyse, interpret and write up their research in a way that both qualitative and quantitative components are mutuallyRead MoreCafs I.R.P Study Notes1352 Words   |  6 PagesCAFS Study Notes - Research Methodology Methodologies: Quantitative research Collects numerical data that can be quantified. Research with numbers. Focus on measuring, collecting and drawing relationships through statistical analysis and experimentation. E.g.: questionnaires, interviews and experiments. Benefits: Objective and reliable, less subject to bias of researcher. Qualitative research Collecting Information not involving numbers. Focus on small numbers of people and produceRead MoreResearch: Scientific Method and Social Care1464 Words   |  6 Pagesfront sheet Qualification Unit number and title BTEC L3 : Health and social care Year 1 Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care Learner name Assessor name Nadia Anderson, Shauna Silvera Date issued Deadline Submitted on September 2013 (Individual issue dates set throughout the year) July 2014 (Individual deadline dates set throughout the year) Assignment title Research Methodology for Health and Social Care In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidenceRead MoreWeek 1 RSCH 8300860 Words   |  4 Pagesare faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. Researchers are sometimes using Quantitative and Qualitative research methodologies interchangeably, or all three of the methodologies including the mixed approach, Creswell (2009)Read MoreConstruction Industry : Statistics And Policy1344 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious reports and investigations with the aim of growing and improving the construction industry. One area that has been continuously highlighted in these reports and investigations is the area of defects and reworks which according to H.J.Eldridge it was estimated that in 1976 one third of the output of the building industry is given over to maintenance and repair with  £400 million of this accounted for rectification of avoidable defects.(2) In 1998 the publication of the Egan Report stated thatRead MoreThe Career Future Of The Hong Kong1495 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies in Hong Kong, especially financial company, may need the employee who can speak mandarin frequently and understand the culture of Mainland China. This research try to explain which is the employer in Hong Kong prefer to hire, local students or mainland students. In addition, the reason of the employers chose the employees. From this research, the public can find out what is the most important element the employers in Hong Kong looking for. Literature Review The article ‘Internationalization of

Maintenance of Capital Doctrine for Accounting †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMaintenance of Capital Doctrine for Accounting. Answer: The purpose for the development of the doctrine of capital maintenance is two sided. Firstly, it is intended to safeguard the interest of the creditors of the company. Another reason for the development of the capital maintenance doctrine is to make sure that the assets of the company are properly utilised for the welfare of the company (Lee, 2012). The courts have always tried to ensure that the capital of the company remains unchanged. It is because the creditors invest on the basis of the capital of the company. The company receives credit from the creditors on the belief shown by the company that the assets and the capital of the company would only be utilised for the purpose of the companys business. Thus the creditors keep the expectation that the company would maintain its capital and not distribute them among the creditors. This doctrine has developed in the Flitcrofts case (1882) 21 Ch D. 519. The doctrine has acted as a device to protect the creditors from the misconduct of the shareholders. It also protects the shareholders from the opportunistic behaviour of the parties after the formation of contracts with respect to the capital of the company (Mifsud, 2011). The following doctrine prohibits the company from selling off or disposing the capital to the shareholders unless certain circumstances call for. However this doctrine is more followed by public companies and is rarely followed by private companies. There are exceptions to the doctrine of maintenance of capital. There are certain legal provisions under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) which speak of these exceptions. As per section 256B of the Act, the company has the authority to reduce the capital under certain circumstances. It should be fair and reasonable for the shareholders of the company (Arnold, 2017). The company may reduce its capital as long it does not reduce its ability or causes prejudice in terms of its ability to pay the creditors. Moreover it has to be approved by the shareholders of the company. The company an also reduce its capital under section 257B if the company has a buy back procedure. As per section 259A the company can acquire its shares in certain situations. There must be a buy back procedure. As long as the company has not to pay for the acquiring of the fully paid u shares they can do so. According to section 260A, if the company is providing financial help to another entity or person by not prejud icing the payment to creditors, such reduction of capital is justified. References Arnold, A. J. (2017). Capital reduction case law decisions and the development of the capital maintenance doctrine in late-nineteenth-century England. Accounting and Business Research,47(2), 172-190. Lee, P. L. (2012). The Source-of-Strength Doctrine: Revered and Revisited-Part II.Banking LJ,129, 867. Mifsud, Y. L. (2011).Assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of the doctrine of capital maintenance in company law following amendments to the second company law directive(Master's thesis, University of Malta).

The Nissan GTR free essay sample

Have you ever thought what the most well rounded sports car is? Nissan sure has a clear picture and experience on this subject. Between 1969 and 1974, and again between 1989 and 2002, Nissan produced a high performance car named the Nissan Skyline (CarBuzz). This car proved to be quite iconic for Nissan on and off the track, but did it have the potential of being the â€Å"perfect† sports car? Maybe not, however, Nissan revised this famous tuner in 2007 and named it the Nissan GTR. It couldn’t have been created without the process of Industrial Engineering. Industrial designers create manufactured products such as cars and other everyday items (Occupational Index). All around, the GTR is the perfect sports car. The Nissan GTR is the perfect price. It is approximately 1/3 cheaper than any other sports car in its class. The GTR’s competitors contain Ferrari, SRT, BMW, Porsche, Aston Martin, McLaren, Lamborghini as well as Bugatti. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nissan GTR or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of these high-end, respected, sports car companies and their cars are ranged from well over 100 grand, if not in the millions. Amazingly, the GTR is right around 80 grand, which is a tremendous difference in price. With all the extra money you could save, you could make your GTR one of a kind. If customizing or tuning isn’t your mind set, the GTR is still one of the best, affordable sports cars which makes more people love them. Performance wise, the GTR is one of the fastest sports cars. It can reach 0-60 mph in less than 3 seconds, making it one of the fastest production cars in the world. It contains a 3.8 liter twin turbo V6 engine with an output of 545 hp and 463 lbs of torque (CarBuzz). The GTR not only packs a punch with the engine, but technology wise it contains viscous launch control, AWD, a dual matted clutch transmission with sequential paddle shifting and much more updated tuning. Launch control is a setting you can turn on that sets the GTR’s RPM’s perfectly to ensure the best possible take off. Sequential paddle shifting is part of a semi-automatic transmission that involves manual shifting without the use of a clutch, which is the foot pedal that shifts the power from the engine to the transmission. The dual-matted clutch transmission means that it has two clutches, one for the even gears and one for the odd gears. The reason for this is a constant acceleration through the gears. For example, when you are accelerating through one gear, the next gear is already to slip the next gear in place, so there is no lag in between shifting like in most sports cars. Since the GTR is a tuner car, you can turn it into a super car, if you are willing to spend more money. Many companies make one of a kind tuning kits, such as Switzer. For $86,000, this set up can produce 1100 hp on 93 octane pump gas and close to 1500 on 105 octane racing fuel (Carbuzz). With all the power and technology the GTR contains, it can make any driver look and drive well above the competition. The GTR is the perfect size. Most sports cars are very small, but the GTR has plenty of space. When people hear sports car they mostly think 2 seats. No, the GTR has four seats and it sits relatively comfortable. Trunk space is also an issue in sports cars, but the GTR has a trunk to supply the needs of any driver. The only other sports car with this space is the Porsche Panamera, which does not come close to the GTR performance wise. With all this space you must be thinking the GTR is heavy and large with a weight of 3829 lbs, but as you know the power and AWD makes up for it (Nissan GTR Sledgehammer). Since it is bigger, that only means more room for better interior. The GTR not only is known for its power, but also its luxury standing. It contains a fancy dash with a touch screen computer of your likings, whether you want to see the tech gauges or follow the GPS. The seats are still sporty bucket seats, but have a sense of comfort and leather feel that you would expect to see in Mercedes. Compared to other sports cars, the GTR’s interior is made up of leather and suede to have a more luxurious feel as well as sporty. Most sports cars are small and rough for daily driving, but the GTR is larger with more space to make daily driving more comfortable. Without a doubt, the GTR is the best sports car. It is a race-track bred sports car made for the streets. It is the cheapest car money can buy for its performance but luxurious as well. With the difference of price from the GTR’s competitors, you could buy multiple GTR’s. The output of power and technology of it will blow any other car out of the water. Not only will you look and feel like a beast, but you would truly be the king of the road. What also makes the GTR stand out is how spacious and comfortable you are while driving it. It makes daily driving more than a cruise, it makes it an adrenaline rush. The GTR is such a prowess machine, it has been given names such as Godzilla or The Supercar Killer.

You Can Be and Introvert and a Leader †Here are 7 Tips

You Can Be and Introvert and a Leader – Here are 7 Tips 7 Leadership Tips for Introverted People Being a leader and an introvert may sound impossible. After all, leaders have to be gregarious, outgoing, outspoken and inspirational to others. How can anyone do these things if all they want is to be alone to think and reflect. It’s true. Introverts do spend more time thinking than most others. And when they do this, others think of them as cold or unfeeling or, worse, as having some type of â€Å"superiority complex.† And when they are placed in leadership positions, others wonder how that will ever â€Å"work.† You may be wondering how that will ever â€Å"work† too, if you are that introvert. When engaged in resume writing to find your job, you probably did not put â€Å"introvert† down as one of your personal qualities. And now here you are, expected to be a leader. But you know some things about yourself that others don’t. You know that you genuinely enjoy people, but in small doses – both in numbers and in time. As an introvert, you become â€Å"depleted† more rapidly than others and have to â€Å"refuel† yourself by getting back to a private place where you can be alone with your thoughts, even though those thoughts may be related to work. So, you close your office door to re-group. And others label you unfriendly or â€Å"stuck-up.† You Can Be a Successful Leader The operative word here is â€Å"compensation† (along with a good dose of honesty). You do have to develop ways to compensate for your need to be quite and alone. Here are 7 tips that will help. Be Honest with Your Team: There is nothing wrong with telling your team members that you are an introvert and explaining your need to retreat and reflect. When you are up front about it, they will understand your behaviors and not judge you negatively. Then you can say, â€Å"Give me a little while to think about this,† and it won’t b mis-interpreted. Use LBWA: This means â€Å"Leadership by Walking Around,† and is considered to be quite effective in establishing relationships with your team. If you spend some time one-on-one with each team member as you walk around, you will not feel stressed by numbers. And those individuals will come to believe that you do have interest in them and their work. Keep Meetings Short: It is better to have shorter meetings more often than to have long ones that drain you. Prepare a short agenda and stick to it. Your team members will probably appreciate that anyway. Get an Extrovert Back-up: If you have to attend a large gathering that is work-related, you can’t avoid it, obviously. But if you have an extroverted buddy by your side, s/he can help carry conversations and you can just smile and nod your head. Housekeeping Items by Email: There are lots of minor items that you may need to handle with your team – new procedures from top-level executives, new reporting deadlines, etc. You don’t have to spend meeting time on these. Emails will work, and your emails can be friendly and conversational in nature. And adding a joke at the end is a good way to further relationships. Use Facebook as a Relationship Builder: Have a Facebook account and keep your posts light and fun. Co-workers and team members are probably on Facebook too, and they will â€Å"feel† that they know you better. Build Recovery Time into Your Schedule: You can’t be a good leader if you are drained. Give yourself short periods of time during the day – very short – just to get quiet and alone. It does help. But set a limit on that â€Å"down time† so you don’t fall back into bad habits of pre-leadership days. You can take the lead and be very successful. Know your limits, be honest with others, and use these compensation techniques.

buy custom My College Reunion essay

buy custom My College Reunion essay I wish to appreciate every person present in this function. I also wish to extend my appreciation to the Alumni office for offering me the chance to share my personal and professional life with you. I will be brief and to the point. I graduated from this University ten years ago with a degree in computer science. Since my childhood, I have had a great passion to learn the operations of computers. Upon my graduation, I secured a job with Dynamo Development, Inc. where I was included as a member to the programmers working for the company. The company has a huge client base and at times I was forced to work under pressure with a lot of work from the clients. My talent and creativity paid well and enabled me to work at a high pace than most of the work mates. This ability paved the path to my rising in ranks. I was first made the team leader of the programmers I was working with after the first two years of working with the company. Later in the fourth year of working with the company, I was promoted to the assistant chief programmer and later became the chief programmer. My personal life has equally been rewarding. Over the weekend I used to work on my business website which is now fully developed. I was the key person behind the EFEX (Equity Finance Exchange). This was an idea I came up with and later sold it to the company. In the seventh year of working, I enrolled for a masters program in computer science which I completed and proceeded to undertake the doctorate degree which I am working on now. Due to the vast experience I have acquired, Dynamo Development, Inc. requested me to relocate to Tokyo in Japan. In Japan I am entitled with the leadership of the company branch. Apart from leading the Dynamo Development branch in Tokyo, I lecture at the Temple University in Tokyo on basic computer programming course. I am actively involved in charity work: I have been volunteering my spare time teaching young local students computer basics. I also spare one week each year to engage in habitat for human in Thailand. The interaction I have had with the Japanese has enabled me to learn Japanese which I am fluent in. I do enjoy my life now and will always remember the old days when I used to be an undergraduate student in the United States. Thank you. Buy custom My College Reunion essay

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Ethics - Essay Example The present study focuses on learning about the CSR activities of Starbucks Company and the different issues that the organization addresses. Starbucks and their CSR Efforts: The Starbucks Company was initiated in the year 1971 in Seattle when three friends Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker had opened up a small coffee shop. However there have been several changes over these years where the company experienced selling out and expansion processes before the position where it has reached now (Garza). Starbucks had always considered the fact that communities should be served at their best and hence such corporate social responsibilities were performed by the company ever since their coffee shop initiated (Being a Responsible Company, 2011). The company is committed to provide â€Å"good governance, ethical conduct and social responsibility† along with maintaining relationships with the stakeholders of the company (My Starbucks, n.d., p.10). The recent reports of CSR eff orts of Starbucks Company reflect their progress in several areas of work. The company’s recent commitments also include assisting the coffee farmers, and supporting communities and environments. Other commitments also include ethical sourcing of coffee, responsibility for the environments, involvement in community development, and practices in the workplaces. As studies reveal, the company is a leader in the industry as far as ethical sourcing of coffee is concerned, where the company has accomplished sustainable coffee, higher price payments, fair trade certified coffee, and Conservation International Collaboration addressing changed in climate. The company has also proved to be a leader in environmental responsibilities trying to focus on renewable energy, and green building. Relationships with customers and neighbors are also included as major responsibilities of the company (Starbucks Makes Corporate Social Responsibility Report Public, 2008). Thus the company’s e fforts on CSR can be found to be effective on maintaining the environments and communities as well as improving the image and reputation of the company. Stakeholders of Starbucks Company and Effects of the Company’s CSR on Them: The different stakeholder groups of the company that Starbucks need to consider while planning for their CSR activities include the employees of the company, the shareholders, the partner organizations, government and non government organizations, university student organizations and academic institutions, regional community groups, and the media (Reid, 2006). Strong relationships need to be built and maintained with these stakeholders thus implying the fact that the CSR activities of the company would have significant effects on these stakeholders. The Starbucks Company considers the needs and expectations of different stakeholders and accordingly communicates the CSR activities to them. For stakeholders like the NGOs, the company tries to integrate the strategies, practices and operations focusing on a holistic approach towards solving different problems. The motives are ethical, economic, and legal. For investors or shareholders, the company has always tried to connect the values of the company with its performances, the motives being economic and ethical, also attempting to create values with the

Heart Circulation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heart Circulation - Lab Report Example The average CO in a resting man is 5.0 L/min (70 mL x 72 BPM) (Ganong, 2003). Cardiac output is controlled by many factors, primarily by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. During exercise, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. As a result, there is an increase in heart rate due to the increased sympathetic stimulation and decreased vagal stimulation to the sinoatrial node (SA node), which is the pacemaker of the heart (increased chronotropic contractility). There is also an increase in the force of contraction by the cardiac myocytes (increased inotropic contractility). From the results, it can be seen that following exercise, the heart rate (BPM) increases significantly. The mean control value was approximately 79 beats per minute and after exercise this value rose to approximately 148 beats per minute. The changes in the ECG readings were also depictive of the increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility. The mean R-T interval, which represents the peak of ventricular depolarization/contraction up to ventricular repolarization/ relaxation, shortened from 0.102 at rest to 0.106 sec during exercise. The mean value of diastole duration, which represents the period of relaxation, during which the heart fills with blood (Guyton & Hall, 2000) also shortened to 0.518 to 0.268 sec. The P-Q interval, which represents atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization (Fauci, et.al, 2008), increased which should is not the expected outcome since this too should be shortened due to the increase in heart rate. The ECG also shows that the P wave is deeper during exercise, this is because the atrium produced a more powerful contraction in order to meet the demand for oxygen. This is also true for the QRS wave which also provides more powerful contractions of the ventricles. During exercise, there is more blood going to the active or contracting muscles. The heart and skeletal muscles are predominantly under local control whereas the splanchnic, renal and other sub-circulations are predominantly under systemic control. Since exercise causes an increased sympathetic response, the blood vessels of the splanchnic, renal and other sub-circulations constrict which causes the blood to be shunted to the exercising active skeletal and cardiac muscles. Local control of the active skeletal and cardiac muscles is also responsible for the increased blood flow because of the vasodilation due to the increased metabolic activity (release of metabolites such as Mg++, Ca++, ADP and PCO2). The premise of the cardiovascular system is that more blood is given to the organs or areas that are metabolically active. At rest, the skeletal muscles only receive 21% of the cardiac output. At peak, the exercising muscle receives 85% of the cardiac output (Berne, et.al, 2004). The mi lking out of blood from the skeletal muscle veins during contraction (muscle pump) and the constriction of venous capacitance vessels as a result of the sympathetic response causes the increase in stroke volume which subsequently, increases the cardiac output. In healthy young individuals breathing at a normal rate, the heart rate varies with the phases of respiration; it accelerates during inspiration and decelerates during expiration (Ganong, 2003). This was seen in the results as the mean value of BMP during inspiration was greater (88.74) than during expiration (67.109). This is termed as sinus arrhythmia, which is considered

Hydrogen vehicles Essay Example for Free

Hydrogen vehicles Essay Introduction There are many debates that are advocating for a proper implementation of transport systems, involving greatly upgraded sea transport, conversion of freight industry away from the road network. It is therefore possible for a company to reduce greenhouse gas for the benefit of the environment, through the adaptation of these transport systems. The debates also advocates for the use of hydrogen fuelled cars. This kind of vehicles use hydrogen gas as their powering tool and is considered the safest to the environment. Hydrogen gas cars are said to be somehow expensive, and technologically complex but with great investments companies can be able to utilise them effectively and help reduce the greenhouse gases. Most automobile companies are beginning to use these types of cars with a vision of minimizing costs, especially given the fact that fuel prices are even getting more expensive. Since fuel prices are becoming part of the company’s concerns, there is a need for the companies to effectively seek to have their transport systems to become compliant with the policies in the motor industry sector. So far, hydrogen cars are therefore increasingly being sought after as a matter of commitment by the companies. Discussion The hydrogen is normally derived from the renewable or non- renewable sources, where it is thereafter used on a daily basis. its sources are best known to be solar, water, wind and nuclear powers, though it is found that many vehicles using hydrogen as their source of energy tend to be less polluting the environment than those using gasoline and diesel, this is because, the used hydrogen fuel cells has a less production of carbon dioxide than normal combustion engines. Hydrogen is understood as the lightest fuel that appears in a gaseous state, operated at an atmospheric pressure and an ambient temperature containing a low level of carbon gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, this gas is normally stored under a storage system which allows it to be stored as compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen in the materials such as the metal hydrides. The reason for this invention is that these vehicles are found to be producing no air pollutants, but instead they only emit heat. It is basically considered as an alternative fuel in vehicles due to its mode of creation that is, it can be made from a number of resources and its characteristics of allowing a clean-burning procedure. The production of this gas has been proposed to be carrying various advantages such as; enabling a stronger national energy security, it also brings about a reduction on the green house gas emissions thus allowing an improvement in the quality of the environmental air, and the other advantage is that of enhancing an increase in the energy efficiency in particular countries. In this case, we find that the United States had a record of 200 hydrogen powered vehicle as in the month of April 2007, these vehicles are based in California, they are normally those cars that run at a high speed, which have been said to be already running on the hydrogen fuel, this vehicles include buses, submarines aeroplanes and also rockets. Though this invention is not yet available in most motor markets, this invention is being established various vehicle fleets an example of this is that of the Honda which is widely known as a light duty vehicles. The United State is said to be concentrating on the invention of more hydrogen vehicles that are meant to cover the whole transport sector in the nation by bringing up more hydrogen refueling stations, this activity is conducted by Department of Energys FreedomCAR, Vehicle expertise and the (HFCIT) the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Programs, which are said to have developed to be conducting supervision on the performance of the fuel cell vehicles and also sustaining the hydrogen transportation. Under this development we find that the State is trying hard to cut off its dependency on the oil from the Middle East whereby, we see that it has more plans to transform its oil system and start depending on the fuel resulting from hydrogen which carry advantage of not pollute the environment. According to research, it is reported that 95% of the transportation industry depends on hydrogen, under which 65% is used for transportation. Many scientists argue that this invention will take long before it is accepted by the transportation sector, but many companies are found to be investing in the hydrogen vehicle invention. An example is the Ford company which has come up with a plan of launching hybrid electric powered vehicles, this vehicles are meant to act as a solution to energy conservation that are therefore likely to be replaced by the hydrogen vehicles. Conclusion A lot has been said about the market of the hydrogen vehicles, many argue that this invention will take along time to be accepted in the market but we see that there are many governments and the motor industries, are for the idea of using the hydrogen fuel, whereby they have seen coming up with various programs which will implement the invention of these vehicles, thus overcoming the technical and cost barriers accruing in the invention. References Alex, L.(2000): Hydrogen Powers GMs Test Vehicle of the Future. Plain Dealer, p. 23 Daniel H. (2000): Iceland Warms Up to Hydrogen Fuel, the Detroit News, 10 Business p. 12-19 John, F. (2000): The Elements Hydrogen. Benchmark Books Publications Mark, D. U. (1995): The Story of Hydrogen, Grolier Publishing Inc. , p. 23-32 Vergragt, Ph. J. and Szejnwald Brown, H. (2007) Sustainable mobility: from Technological innovation to societal learning, Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007), pp. 1104 – 1115.

Basseri and The Nuer :: essays papers

Basseri and The Nuer There are many cultures throughout the world, which may be far apart and yet still have similarities. Two of those such cultures, the Basseri, that live in Iran, and the Nuer, whom live in Sudan, have their differences, but also have some similarities. Many of the differences and similarities come from their subsistence strategies and the social and political organization of their societies. With the regions of the world, both the Basseri and the Nuer live in, they’ve had to adapt to the environment they live in along with the limitations imposed by that environment. Among the differences and similarities of the Basseri and the Nuer, their subsistence strategies are the most diverse in differences and similarities. Both the Basseri and the Nuer rely on their domesticated animals as a source of subsistence. A difference between the Basseri and the Nuer is that the Basseri have goats and sheep to provide the bulk of their subsistence products, while the Nuer use cattle as a source of subsistence. Another subsistence strategy of the Basseri is foraging, which is suited well for their nomadic way of life, by hunting large game and finding plants and mushrooms in the springtime. The Nuer, on the other hand, have a mixed subsistence strategy between pastoralism and horticulture. The Nuer cannot rely solely on either one, so other than the cattle they also cultivate millet, their main crop, and a small amount of maize and beans. The social and political organization of the Basseri and the Nuer are very much different. The Basseri’s social organization is based upon that of nuclear families; they are also neolocal, meaning that upon marriage a couple starts their own nuclear family in a new tent. After marriage, in order for the couple to begin a new household, the husband usually receives part of his father’s herd and at times, if not given any animals, the husband can work and receive animals as a payment. During the spring, the nomadic tribes can be supported in large numbers in a single camp; while during the winter, camps are setup in smaller groups. The Basseri reckon descent patrilineally where inheritance is usually from father to son. A woman bestows membership rights to her own tribe or her offspring. The Basseri consider themselves one unified tribe because they are all subsumed under the authority of a single leader, the chief of all the Basseri.

Montessori Practical Life Essay

In this essay I will be discussing the importance and different aspects of the practical life area in a Montessori classroom. Children are naturally interested in activities they have witnessed, therefore Doctor Maria Montessori began using what she called â€Å"practical life exercises† to allow the child to do activities of daily life and therefore adapt themselves in their society. Doctor Maria Montessori developed her philosophy of education based upon actual observations of children; she observed that children prefer work rather than play. It is through work that children obtain independence, order, concentration and normalization. Practical life exercises are recognized to be the heart of Montessori education. In the first six years a child becomes a full member of his or her particular culture and family group absorbing language, attitudes, manners and values of those in which he or she comes into daily contact with. Children feel comfortable and safe when they find a s ecure and lovable environment, a child develops best if they are in an environment full of affection, love, caring and support. Doctor Maria Montessori in the Absorbent Mind writes â€Å"the hands are instruments of man’s intelligence†. It is only through the practice of movement that a child can learn and develop, for this reason Doctor Maria Montessori decided to incorporate the area of practical life into her classroom as this is where the practice begins (mymontessorimoments). Through the exercises of practical life the child learns to adapt to his or her environment, learns self-control, sees themselves as part of a society and most importantly grow intellectually  through working with his or her hands and master the skills needed for his or her future. â€Å"Watching a child makes it obvious that the development of his mind comes through his movements† (Montessori, 1995). There are many links between the home and the school in the area of practical life. It is the first area introduced to the child in the classroom. Maria Montessori stated â€Å"Children feel a special interest for those things already rendered to them in the earlier period† (Montessori, 1995). The activities in the classroom are familiar to the child as many of them are done at home. The child can therefore settle in easily and master the skills with confidence while learning co-ordination of movement and relate back to past experiences at home (www.montmet.co.za). In an ideal situation practical life would be located near the entrance to the classroom, as a link between home and school as well as a foundation for the curriculum. The area should be attractive containing flowers, paintings, vases etc to draw the child to the practical life area. The area of practical life assists in the growth and development of the child’s intellect and concentration and will also help the child develop an orderly way of thinking (www.sevencounties.org). Practical life sparks respect and love for any work, helps the child to perform the activities of daily life with joy, skill, and grace through which he or she is aiming for perfection. Exercises in practical life are just that, they are exercises so the child can learn how to do living activities in a purposeful way. The purpose and aim of practical life is to help the child gain control in the coordination of his or her movement, and help the child to gain independence and adapt to his or her surroundings. It is therefore important to â€Å"Teach teaching, not correcting† (quotes/Maria_Montessori) â€Å"No one can be free unless he is independent. Therefore, the first active manifestation of the child’s individual liberty must be so guided that through the activity he may arrive at independence† (quotes/Maria_Montessori). Practical life helps the child gain control of his or her movement particularly the development of the hand`s coordination. The fine muscles coordination is linked to the child`s conceptual development. As Doctor Maria Montessori quoted †The human hand allows the mind to reveal itself (quotes/Maria_Montessori). Practical life activities help the child to gain independence and enable the child to associate his or  her own physical, psychic, and moral needs. The practical life area contains an orderly arrangement of exercises involving familiar objects and the activities of daily life. These will be things that the children have already seen their parents or family members doing that the child wishes to imitate. For example: pouring, spooning, various cleaning exercises and others. The exercises are ordered, with earlier exercises providing a foundation and all the skills needed for the more advanced activities to follow. The organisation of the area helps children feel secure, familiarize themselves in the classroom, and develop the inner order necessary for clear and rational thought. Practical life exercises fall under four basic categories: care of the person, care of the environment, analysis of movement and grace and courtesy. Grace and courtesy provides the child with the absolute basics such as rolling out a mat, sitting on a chair, and how to ask the directress for assistance while busy with another child. This foundation provides the skills in order for the child to participate in classroom life and complete each activity. Analysis of movement promotes a sense of accomplishment and self-esteem through activities that are real, precise, and practical such as spooning or pouring which encourages motor skills. Care of the person includes skills necessary for dressing independently such as zipping, buttoning, and tying. The dressing frames in the classroom provide the child the opportunity to practice these skills, the children are also encouraged to try zip, button or tie their own coats shoes etc. Care of the environment includes teaching responsibility of the world around them. The children scrub chairs, wash dishes, care for plants and help feed the animals if there are any in their environment. â€Å"Therefore, the first active manifestations of the child’s individual liberty must be so guided that through this activity he may arrive at independence† (Montessori, The advanced Montessori Method, 2010).Montessori learning environments are prepared to allow children to be socially and intellectually independent. Montessori learning materials are designed to capture the child’s interest and attention and to encourage independent use. When children work with the Montessori materials, they perfect their movements as well prepare themselves for learning educational knowledge. All exercises reflect the environment in which the child lives, all activities  use real tools and are physically proportioned in order to help the children develop their motor skills and perfect precise movements. All Montessori equipment is attractive as experiencing beauty lays the foundation of self-appreciation. All children want to be independent, as adults we become used to doing everything for them, it is hard to let go of control. But, we need to feed their desire for independence. Children learn important life skills as they handle materials in practical life. Even more important is the confidence that the child gains when he or she achieves a new goal. â€Å"Help me to do it by myself† (Montessori, Secret ofChildhood, 1996). Maria Montessori believed in educating the whole being and not just the intelligence of a child. Before the start of western education and the school system as we know it today, all children actually learnt from birth to adulthood were these same practical life activities, and this was more or less all they needed to function well in their society. The responsibility of the parent is to help the child learn about the environment, community and society they live in so that the child can grow up into a fully functional member of the community (MontessoriStudents). It is therefore important that children learn how to not only dress themselves but also how to keep their surroundings clean, how to cook and how to behave and interact with others around them. So often today you find young parents are too busy to spend adequate time with their children in order to teach them basic life skills, instead you find young parents more concerned on their child’s academic performance. The Montessori curriculum can make up for this shortfall that unfortunately occurs due to our busy lifestyles. Montessori education can ensure that the child is given the right aids to life through the practical life exercises. Bibliography (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from www.montmet.co.za: http://www.montmet.co.za/ (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from www.sevencounties.org: http://sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=7923&cn=28 DevelopmentalStages/Cognitive-Development. (n.d.). Retrieved 03 05, 2014, from www.aboutkidshealth.ca: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/HealthAZ/DevelopmentalStages/SchoolAgeChildren/Pages/Cognitive-Development.aspx DevelopmentalStages/Social-and-Emotional-Development. (n.d.). Retrieved 03 04, 2014, from http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/HealthAZ/DevelopmentalStages/SchoolAgeChildren/Pages/Social-and-Emotional-Development.aspx maria_montessori. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from www.brainyquote.com: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/maria_montessori.html (1995). Montessori. (1995). In M. Montessori. (1995). Absorbent mind. In M. Montessori, Absorbent mind. Henry Holt and company. (1995). The absorbent mind. In M. Montessori, The absorbent mind. Henry Holt and company. (1996). Secret ofChildhood. In M. Montessori, Secret of childhood. New York: Ballantine Books. (2010). The advanced Montessori Method. In M. Montessori, Spontaneous activity in education (p. 118). Amsterdam: Montessori-Pierson publishing company. MontessoriStudents. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from www.static.squarespace.com: http://static.squarespace.com/MontessoriStudents.jpg mymontessorimoments. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from www.mymontessorimoments.files.wordpress.com: http://mymontessorimoments.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/img_7100_2.jpg quotes/Maria_Montessori. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from www.goodreads.com: http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/34106.Maria_Montessori

Importance of Life Events

The Importance of Life Events Change is a part of life no one expects. Everyone’s life changes at some point and in most cases at many points. Life is full of obstacles and challenges but it’s the choices you make that change the course of your life. People learn and grow from every experience they have it’s the differences in interpretation. Pregnancy is a part of life that can change peoples course in many ways. Some parents find themselves raising children by themselves, and some stuck in relationships they don’t want or have to make the tough decision on whether or not to have their child. Each chooses in some way what paths to take and each has a different out come, each will change their lives in many ways. Parenting can make people stronger, more sensitive to others or maybe make changes in jobs and free time a child is a life long experience that has its own cross roads and life decisions. Accidents happen to every one but they can have long lasting effects. A broken bone ,concussion, car accident , plain crash all these things are accidents but they can change peoples lives for ever. From morning family members or the loss of jobs all in small ways change your life, it is in the decisions they make after accidents that may change the hole course of lives. People around the person feel the repercussions to maybe its someone else’s accident they learned from it doesn’t matter life’s lessons can be hard to swallow some times but they force you to reevaluate every situation. Death is the most horrible experience for anyone involved but it gives anyone who experiences it a new look at life. The deaths of parents, siblings, friends and worse of all children, can be the most devastating part of life. It’s the choices made in death that shape the kind of person they are. They can choose to hide away and take shelter and come out with more inspiration then before, they could stay strong and brake when they least expect it or find peace and moving on and letting go. Death is a part of life that changes more the once around then the one experiencing it. Though life seems to do its own thing some times in the end it is the choices people make before, during, and after major events that can truly change the paths of our lives. People have the power to do anything, they just need to look into themselves to figure out were their trying to go. You cant dream big if you don’t do big things.

Theses as to what drives women to partake in crime

Theses as to what drives women to partake in crime The society, in which we live, is composed of many rules and values. Gender roles are no exception. These so-called 'roles' have been in existence throughout the centuries. As children, we are taught what is appropriate conduct for boys and girls. Boys are taught to be aggressive and masculine, while girls are taught to be passive and feminine. From day one, women are taught to conform to such feminine expectations. Although men provide more of a menace to society, women are instructed how to behave.A good woman is to be a wife and a mother. The majority of women accept theses prescribed roles in life; however, there are some that refuse to conform. As women become more liberated in the modern day world, and more involved in full time jobs, the chances of them getting involved in types of crimes for which their jobs provide them with, increase. Some occupations such as bank managers, stock brokers, etc.Criminal Activityprovide greater opportunities for criminal activities.As women ga in liberation and assume traditional male roles in society, they begin to assert themselves in male ways such as acting aggressively, being pushy and hardheaded. More and more women rebel against social inferiority and, aggressively pursue masculine goals of success and power. They learn to use crime as a short-cut to success. Economic pressures combined with increasing numbers of female headed households, lead women to seek benefits of criminal activity as alternatives to hard work.Today women are more likely to become partners and entrepreneurs in crime than in the past. Traditionally women played subservient roles in the crime scene. They worked under the direction of men such as pimps, for example. Mostly their job was to entice victims, keep look-out, carry loot and provide cover. Women's participation in white collar crime like fraud,

Learn All About German Plural Nouns With -e Endings

Learn All About German Plural Nouns With -e Endings There are several different ways to make a noun plural in German. A common way is to add an -e at the end of the word.   When to Add an -e Most German nouns of all genders that consist of one syllable will add -e at the end  to form plurals. Some nouns will also have umlaut changes. Example 1: Here, the noun gains an -e at the end and the noun becomes plural instead of masculine. der Schuh (the shoe, singular) becomes  die Schuhe (plural). Ich habe meinen Schuh verloren. (I lost my shoe.) Ich habe meine Schuhe verloren. (I lost my shoes.) Example 2: Here, the noun not only gains an -e at the end, but the u gets an umlaut.   die Wurst (the sausage, singular) becomes  die Wà ¼rste (plural). Ich esse eine Wurst. (I’m eating a sausage.) Ich esse die Wà ¼rste. (Im eating sausages.) When Plural Nouns Take a Different Ending The only time a different plural ending is added  is when the noun is dative. In this case, the noun always adds an -en ending. See the chart below for a summary of this plural group in all cases. In this chart, nom. stands for nominative, acc. stands for accusative, dat. stands for dative and gen. is genitive.   Plural Nouns With -e Endings Read more about plural nouns here.   Case Singular Plural nom.acc.dat.gen. der Hund (the dog)den Hunddem Hunddes Hundes die Hundedie Hundeden Hundender Hunde nom.acc.dat.gen. die Hand (the hand)die Handder Handder Hand die Hndedie Hndeden Hndender Hnde nom.acc.dat.gen. das Hemd (the shirt)das Hemddem Hemddes Hemdes die Hemdedie Hemdeden Hemdender Hemde

Marketing - Safety Provision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing - Safety Provision - Essay Example In an argument by Tuck (2005) safety business environments contain the best business ventures and successful businesses. With a safe operational environment, entrepreneurs have the confidence to venture in businesses and investors have the courage since they are assured of safety. Safety in the neighborhood or a business environment falls under the category of quasi-public goods. Safety is a natural occurring good which are essential in the environment. It has unlimited demand since it is intangible and the supply depends on a body and can be influenced. However, its demand rate can rise if the neighborhood is a constant den of any form of safety breaching factor. With increasing demand, it can be easily raised to suit all consumers. Apart from government action, market provisions also promote safety measures. However, neighborhoods with safety promotion tools from market provision are usually exposed to any form of loss (Besley, 2006). This paper will look at safety as both a collec tive good and also a quasi-public good. Additionally, it will differentiate safety from governments and safety from market provision. ... Population as a factor affects the supply of demand in terms of productivity and size. A high productivity population usually demands high safety initiatives and vice versa. A large population also needs more safety attention than a population with a small size of occupants. In the demand of safety there is non-rivalry till to a point of the above situations (Tuck, 2008). It is usually important for any person to investigate safety provision bodies. The two major stakeholders in the provision of safety are the government and the market itself. However, the government’s participation is the most significant. With all its arms in legality and operation levies, the government significance is easily to detect in a business environment (Argyle, 2001). To determine if the government is providing safety business operations, one has to look on taxes rates and legal requirements for operating a business. In a safe business environment controlled by the environment, the body should regu late taxation depending on the size of the business. If this is detected in a market, it is proof that the government is involved in the provision of safety. Another government initiative for provision of safety is the fact that everyone should be given the needed emergency attention regardless their position and financial stability (Mueller, 2003). Safety emergency services for every individual can only be provided by the government. This characterizes an environment with safety provision by the government. From the above scenarios the scope of the government’s involvement in provision of safety is confirmed. The above scenarios also help people to determine the body responsible for provision of safety in their neighborhood. With the government

Sec accredited investor for hedge funds PowerPoint Presentation

Sec accredited investor for hedge funds - PowerPoint Presentation Example According to this regulation, accredited investors are those individuals or group of investors who possess financial might and autonomy. These investors are legalized to invest in a higher risk investment such as hedge funds, limited partnerships, seed money, and private placements networks. It also refers generally to wealthy individuals and organizations such as insurance firms, banks, big charities, and some corporations who are allowed to invest in securities markets. These investors require very little protection offered by particular government filings. (Jaffer p. 134) As explained earlier, accredited investors are investors who are financially powerful and very rich individuals and to qualify as accredited investor, one must have at least one of the following: as an individual or together with his or her spouse must have a net worth more than $1 million. He or she must have stable financial income of more than $200,001 annually or a steady joint income of more than $300,000. One must be a director, general partner, or executive officer for the hedge fund . An employee benefit plan or a trust can qualify as accredited investors if the total asset exceeds $5 million. An American financial journalist known as Alfred W. Jones, in 1949, created the first Hedge fund. By then the funds were known to manage the investment risk due to dynamics in the financial markets. The number of hedge fund grew to over 200 by 1968. Hedge funds refer to privately managed accredited investment funds or securities markets. These are investments made in wide range of markets and large schemes and are bound by regulatory restrictions of a given country. In some countries like in U.S, the regulations restrict hedge fund involvement to certain group of accredited investors. These investments are quite flexible and often permit withdrawals or

Financial accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Financial accounting - Essay Example Another reason in support of recognizing the goodwill intangible assets is that decision to acquire assets from others reflects there is intangible asset value of the asset acquired. The extent of a business acquiring another business entity facility or brand name instead of developing its own demonstrates that an external value of intangible asset exist in the market transaction. Consequently, business organizations should recognize the external value triggering acquisition of external market value attached to the assets to reflect the real value of the business entity in the balance sheet statement. However, there has been argument against recognition of the various intangible assets in the balance sheet financial statement. One of the arguments against recognition of intangible assets in the balance sheet is that it enhances the earnings information since the balance sheet financial statement will be cleansed from soft assets that have no physical substance. In addition, balance sheet information quality is improved since the cost of managing earnings is relatively reduced (Wahlen, Bradshaw, Baginski, & Stickney, 2010). Another reason against recognizing intangible assets in the balance is the uncertainty and difficult to ascertain the ability of asset recognized will generate revenue in future. Consequently, recognition of goodwill, market-related assets and contract related assets has the potential of causing material bias on the value of the business entity according to arguments against recognition of intangible assets in the balance sheet statement. Amortization of intangible assets faces both support and disapproval due to the potential material effect it causes in the balance sheet statement. One of the reasons in support of amortization of intangible asset is that the ability of a business to generate revenue in different financial is influenced by the market reputation of it brand name.

The articles of confederation and the constitution Essay Example for Free

The articles of confederation and the constitution Essay Abstract The simple difference between the Articles of Confederation and US Constitution is that the articles were not strong enough to hold our young nation together. The articles operated the US as separate states. Under the articles, it was very difficult to pass laws since the requirement of 9 out of the 13 states approval was needed for ratification. The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and eventually led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The members of the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Constitutional Convention convened in response to dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation and the need for a strong centralized government. After four months of secret debate and many compromises, the proposed Constitution was submitted to the states for approval. Although the vote was close in some states, the Constitution was eventually ratified and the new Federal government came into existence in 1789. Articles of Confederation and Constitution There were many differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. At the end of the American Revolution the free states needed some sort of control that would generate to a unified country. Issues arose such as: How should power be divided between local and national governments? How should laws be made, and by whom? Who should be authorized to govern those laws? How could the government be designed to protect the unalienable individual rights? Their first attempt at solving this issue was the Articles of Confederation, which was a failure for the most part, but not completely. After the failure of the articles, the state delegates tried to revise the articles, but instead, constructed the Constitution. There were so many changes made and very little remained the same. The Articles of Confederation were approved by Congress on November 15, 1777  and ratified by the states on March 1, 1781. It was a modest attempt by a new country to unite itself and form a national government. The Articles set up a Confederation that gave most of the power to the states. Many problems arose and so a new Constitution was written in 1787 in Independence Hall. The new Constitution called for a much more unified government with a lot more power. One of the key differences between the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation is in the way that they set up the Legislature. The thirteen states formed a Confederation referred to as the league of friendship in order to find a solution for common problems such as foreign affairs. The Articles of Confederation was the nations first Constitution. The articles created a loose Confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to the central government. Under the Articles each state could send between 2 and 7 delegates to Congress. In the Constitution each state was allowed 2 members in the Senate and 1 representative per 30,000 people (this number has now increased greatly) in the House of Representatives. The states with bigger populations wanted representation to be based solely off of population. The states with smaller populations wanted there to be a fixed number of representatives per state, each state would have one vote in the house of Congress, no matter the size of the population. Under the articles, there wasnt a strong independent executive, it established as a unicameral legislature, which it refers to as a Congress. The Constitution on the other hand establishes a bicameral legislature with an upper house, the Senate, and a lower house, the House of Representatives. In the articles, There wasnt any judicial branch but Congress had the authority to arbitrate disputes between states. Congress was responsible for conducting foreign affairs, declaring war or peace, maintaining an army and navy and a variety of other lesser functions. But the articles denied Congress the power to collect taxes, regulate interstate commerce and enforce laws. Because of this, the central government had to request donations from the states to finance its operations and raise armed forces.  The states attempted to limit the power of the national government because they feared that it would become a monarchy. In an effort to limit the power of the national government, Congress created one without enough power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems. George Washington called for a convention in late May 1787; in order speak about the nations political and economical problems and revise the Articles. Delegates from eleven out of the thirteen states attended this convention. They decided on a government consisting of three branches: legislative (Congress), executive (the President), and judicial (Supreme Court). These branches were under the checks-and-balances in order to maintain balance in powers and to prevent tyranny in the country. The Great Compromise solved the issue that arose between the delegates that believed the separation of powers into three different branches would ensure that the United States would not become another monarchy. The Great Compromise resolved the representation issue by forming the two houses that we have today by using the idea of a two-house legislature in order to satisfy both sides. It proposed a legislature in which each state would be represented by two senators (Senate) and another legislature that would be distributed based on the state population (House of Representatives). Voting in Congress was different in the Articles and the Constitution. Under the Articles of Confederation, each state received 1 vote regardless of how many representatives it had. While in contrast to the constitution where in one house, the Senate, every state is represented equally regardless of population. In the lower house, the House of Representatives each state receives one representative for a set number of people. This meant that people could now be represented on a more personal level through the House of Representatives. This satisfied all of the states and helped resolve one of the greatest conflicts while writing the Constitution. Also, in the Three-Fifths clause, delegates agreed that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining the population and thus the number of representatives in the House of each state. One of the main weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation was its  incapability to regulate trade and levy taxes. The states controlled all of their cash flows. Sometimes, the states were in debt because of tariff wars that they would engage in with one another. Because of these debts, the states refused to give the national government the money it needed. Hence, the government could not pay off the debts it had gained during the revolution, including paying soldiers who had fought in the war and citizens who had provided supplies to the cause. Congress could not pass needed measures because they lacked the nine-state majority required to become laws and couldnt amend articles because unanimous consent of the all states was required. The states largely ignored Congress, which was powerless to enforce cooperation, and it was therefore unable to carry out its duties. The national government could not force the states to adhere to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 ending the American Revolution. Foreign countries saw lack of unity in states. Because of the lack of income the national government collected, the new nation was unable to defend its borders from British and Spanish abuse because it could not pay for an army when the states would not contribute the necessary funds. The country would not get rich as a whole because states controlled all interstate commerce. States coined their own money and regulated its supply, so values of currency varied from state to state. Under the Constitution, Congress had the right to levy taxes and regulate commerce. The delegates b_elieved that a strong central government was a threat to American liberties and rights. Usually they were states rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, and paper-money advocates; the low-income classes of society_ had an easier time outlining presidential powers. Although some delegates had extreme opinions-Alexander Hamilton proposed a legitimate monarchy headed by an American king-most agreed that a new executive or president was needed to give the country the strong leadership that it had lacked under the Articles. The primary aim of the Constitution was to create a strong elected government that was responsive to the will of the people, although there is some controversy over this. Many of the Founding Fathers believed that the new  government needed to be insulated from the will of the people; hence the design of such features as the Electoral College or the election of Senators by the state legislatures. The concept of self-government did not originate with the Americans; indeed, a measure of self-government existed in the United Kingdom at the time. But the degree to which the Constitution committed the United States to rule by the people was unique, even revolutionary, in comparison with other governments around the world. In addition to dividing the executive departments into four, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was created. The Judiciary Act of 1789 is a law that created the Supreme Court, thirteen district courts and three circuit courts. This act gave the Supreme Court the right to review state laws and state court decisions to determine whether an act or law is constitutional or not. Laws, acts, civil liberties were protected by the act as well. The delegates wanted to build a government for the people. On the opposing side, there were the Federalists. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution that desired a strong central government. Federalists felt that the Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective. They felt that National government would protect the rights of the people. Over two hundred suggestions were submitted to Congress in order to protect American citizen rights, but only 10 were chosen. These 10 suggestions became the first ten amendments, known as our Bill Of Rights. The Articles of Confederation are a major part of the USs roots. Some of the ideas and theories from the Articles were strong and did try to better the US but they werent applied the strong enough. Ideas such as the Bill of Rights derived from the Articles. When I think back to how great the Constitution has worked it truly amazes me. It has lasted for over two centuries and continues to help our government function today. The US was able to build upon the mistakes of the Confederations first government. Living by the phrase united we stand and divided we fall the US has been able to build a strong government for its people, making changes as time goes by. References Comparing the Articles and the Constitution The U.S. Constitution Online USConstitution.net. _Comparing the Articles and the Constitution The U.S. Constitution Online USConstitution.net_. Web. 22 Sept. 2014. Feldmeth, Greg D. Articles of Confederation vs. the Constitution. _Articles of Confederation vs. the Constitution_. 31 Mar. 1998. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. Journals of the Continental Congress THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, WITH AMENDMENTS :: :: :: APRILOCTOBER, 1777. _Journals of the Continental Congress THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, WITH AMENDMENTS :: :: :: APRILOCTOBER, 1777_. Web. 20 Sept. 2014. S. Doc. 108-17 Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis, and Interpretation 2002 Edition. _S. Doc. 108-17 Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis, and Interpretation 2002 Edition_. 28 Jan. 2002. Web. 23 Sept. 2014. Welcome to OurDocuments.gov. _Welcome to OurDocuments.gov_. National Archives Education Staff. The Constitution: Evolution of a Government. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2001. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.

Computers and Society :: Technology Essays

Computers and Society More often than not in today’s world you will tend to use computers. Directly or indirectly they have been increasing their influence on our lives from their invention in the 50’s, until the current state of their presence in every aspect of our lives. What before was done on paper, today is done on the same paper, a computer, a copy, and a form to input the data into the computer. The paperless revolution has turned sour. The very purpose of the computer as a business machine -- to reduce clutter, to organize data better and faster, and mostly to reduce the paperwork, has been abandoned for a system dictated to us by the needs of our computers. This is only one way that computers are being misused in our society. Think for example of the regular answer you would get if you call up any beuracratic agency, such as a bank or a government agency, with any problem. The first response would probably involve something like: â€Å"Our computer doesn’t show that record†, or â€Å"The computer doesn’t say you did so and so.† That is also probably as far as you will get to solving that problem. The computer is the perfect cover-up for the clerk on the other end of the phone line. If the computer says so, how can anyone argue? The computer shows no record of such and such a paper, and therefore it must not exist, and that is the end. The clerk need not involve himself in though as to why the record is not in the computer, or how did it get out of the computer, but what the almighty computer tells him is certainly enough. There is not a thing in our lives anymore that is not governed by computers. The computer handles our paperwork, calculates our salaries, grades, our car’s mileage. It is almighty, all-powerful, and definitely not to be argued with. What we do forget in this line of though is that computers and all the information therein is produced and entered by humans, is subject to human mistakes and errors. We do not see it that way. For example, the phrase â€Å"the computer made a mistake,† is commonly used, although everyone knows that computers cannot make mistakes, and the mistake was made by a human. But we believe that the computer is a separate entity, and thus we could say something like â€Å"the computer made a mistake.

The Crying of Lot 49 – the Mystery of Trystero

Thomas Pynchon’s novel The Crying of Lot 49 is his second novel, and its his shortest novel, and many even consider it more of an experimantal novel. This novel is about a woman named Oedipa Maas and her quest for the secret behind a hidden and a shadowy organization known as Trystero ( it is also sometimes spelled as Tristero ). This novel was written in 1960s which was a very turbulent time in the history of the United States. Many things happened during this period, many of them had a dramatic influencce on the lives of the ordinary people. During this period, the world witnessed the assassination of J. F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, there was also the rise in the rights women and Civil Rights movement. This was also a time of the so called drug culture, for the abuse of drugs was very common. The novel shows us this world as a world that is constantly high, constantly on drugs and drunk, filled with secrets, information from questionable sources and secret identites. The subject of this paper is the secret society and an organization known as Trystero and their secret underground war against United States government and the official state postal system. Before we move on to the story of the novel, we must first remind ourselves of the postmodern novel and what constitutes a postmodern literature. Postmodern literature, as postmodernism as a whole, is very hard to define for there are no standards for it nor are there any founding fathers, writers who set the standards for it. We could say that postmodern literature is a continuation of the experimantation started by the modernist writers and authors and their usage of fragmentation, paradox, questionable authors, etc and it is also a reaction against the enlighment ideas set by modernist literature. As it was mentioned, postmodern literature is very hard to define and many even say that is no longer exists, also hard to determine. However, many authors and literary critics agree on common themes that occur in postmodern literature, themese that are almost always present in these works and that are always grouped together in order to create irony, humour or to parody something. These themes are however not always used all the postmodern authors, so they can not be called standard postmodern themes, but they occcur most commonly. Thomas Pynchon and his novel The Crying of Lot 49 are an example of postmodern writing, for Pynchon always uses parody, paranoia, playfulness and black humour in his works, and this work is also filled with these themes. Postmodern authors, Pynchon among them, usually treat serious themes and subjects in a humorous and funny manner. Pynchon does that in this novel. In The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon deals with a serious topic about lives of people in a modern consumer America, about secrets and mysterious organizations, secret identities and also how information can influence our thoughts and even confuse and disturb us, but he approached all of that in a humorous and a funny way. This novel is a sort of a parody of a detective novel. This is because in real detective novels, the hero starts to solve the mystery starting from various and numerous clues, from a, we could say, chaos of information and draws a conclusion which leads to the truth behind the mystery and reveals the bad guy. In this novel however, we have Oedipa who opens a mailbox to get the letter and discovers that she has a job to do, pretty simple really, but as the novel progresses, her life and task become more complicated and complicated, she learns about the Trystero and her ex-boyfriend’s job and business undertakings but instead of making things clear, instead of solving the mystery of the Trystero, she became even more confused than she was when she first found out about them, so much confused that she almost lost her mind and started to think if it all was nothing more than a joke, created by her deceased ex-boyfriend or even maybe this was all just the work of her own imagination. This novel also has paranoia present in itself, Oedipa becomes paranoid about the world and the people around herself, but she is not the only one really. Almost all characters are paranoid, and the existence of the Trystero is more than enough to create a paranoid world. What also makes this novel postmodern is the usage of wordplay. Pynchon plays with words, names of the people, like Pierce Inverarity, Mike Fallopian, Stanley koteks, Oedipa Maas, with the names of the towns like San Narciso and we also have the wordplay with words like waste which is turned here in this novel into an acronym W. A. S. T. E. and KCUF radio station. What also makes this novel postmodern is that we have unreliable narrator. Oedipa Maas is the main protagonist of this story, but we see the action of the novel only as she does and we know what we know, no more no less, and she is almost always drunk or on drugs, just like all other characters that appear in the novel. We can say that this novel also combines elements of both modern and postmodern novels, because the relation between these two genres is often connected because they share both similarities and differences. Oedipa Maas is the heroine, a modernist heroine who is trapped in a postmodern world. Her quest is not only to discover the death of Mr Inverarity and of the Tristero, but also to discover her inner self and her inner soul. She meets people who can be considered as lost causes, but Pynchon sees them as someone really worth fighting for as they have shown the real self-discovery. We could say that this is the novel of the character development, a bildungs roman, for Oedipa develops her character, no matter how confused she is in the end, she becomes stronger and more determined to discover the real truth, no matter how weird and confusing that truth really is. She continues and carries on even though her quest is a lost cause. However, Pynchon also uses his postmodern novel in order to criticize the modernist vision of the world by showing us a society that filled with discarded objects and discarded people. The most obvious example of this is the acronym WASTE, which becomes a central theme in the novel, but will talk about it later in the paper. There are also discarded people who formed secret underground groups and societies as a response to various forms of rejection by their society. For example we have IA group, created by a man who swore off love after his wife cheated on him, The Alameda County Death Club and the Peter Pinguids, a group of people who are against industrial capitalism etc. As it was stated in the beginning, the subject of this paper is the mysterious Trystero organization. This novel is a bout a world, a world that seems to be constantly on drugs or drunk. We could think that this is the world that many people try to get away from, trying to vanish from it, for in this novel Oedipa meets various people who just want to be left alone, forgotten perhaps. We see people who have not rebelled against the government and they are not the deserters, they have just chose to leave, to hide and stay hidden. Oedipa sees this as their first real independent choice, a choice they have all made away from the press, the government and its institutions. They don’t use official state institutions, in this case the official postal system of the United States. This is the world of secrets and hidden identities, and of course secret societies, underground organizations, like Trystero is. What is this Trystero? Who are they? What is their goal? Their mission and agenda? Oedipa wants to find out just that, who they are and what they want, but unfortunately all she accomplishes is to end up completely baffled by everything and everyone she meets. As it was mentioned in the previous paragraph, she does not give up and is determined to continue with her search. Trystero represents this main aspect of underground and of hiding away from the government and the world. We as readers of this novel know about Trystero as much as Oedipa does and we also in the end, as she does, end up confused and baffled if all of this was actually real or was it all just her imagination or a bad joke. The bulk of the book is spent following Oedipa as she tries to track down what exactly the Trystero is. She stumbles upon this one night when she and Metzger are at The Scope, a club frequented by Yoyodyne employees, a huge defense contractor for the military in the area. While in the ladies’ room Oedipa notices the following written near a drawing of a muted horn: â€Å"Interested in sophisticated fun? You, hubby, girl friends. The more the merrier. Get in touch with Kirby, through WASTE only, Box 7391, L. A. †1 The book then follows a play-within-a-play format when Oedipa watches a play called The Courier’s Tragedy which puts into some context the history between Tristero and Thurn And Taxis, the latter being a real mail distribution company throughout Europe for many centuries. It is from this play that Oedipa learns about the history of Trystero. According to the story, Trystero was defeated by Thurn and Taxis in the 1700. and since then it has been hiding and went underground. This Trystero now exists, or at least it appears to exist, or maybe not, as a secret society that is completely separated from the United States government and the official postal service. Oedipa even believes that Trystero battled with Pony Express and United States Postal Service over the control of information flow. However, this battle seems to go on, between Tristero and US Postal Service. Tristero is the symbol of the underground here in the novel and they are present as an invisible force with a hidden agenda and goals. Their symbol is a muted post horn which is the first thing Oedipa sees of the Tristero in a club mentioned early and their way of communicating and transfering of information is through the WASTE system which uses clever disguises – their way of transferring information, a kind of parody to the official postal service, is by using waste-bins as their post-boxes. Thomas Pynchon does a very good job in making us believe that this society indeed really exists, but he also confuses by putting various names, most of them of people who are actually not so important for the story of the novel, but he does manage to create and illusion of a conspiracy. The most important part of the novel is the reproduction of the fictional Jacobean Drama known as The Courier’s Tragedy. This play is where Oedipa first hear the name Tristero and of their struggle with Thurn and Taxis. This play provides us with the first account of the Tristero, but it is their symbol that really draws our attention. We will now discuss the symbols of Tristero, for they are the key to understanding it, or at least trying ot understand the story behind them. These include the muted post horn and WASTE system. We will begin with the first symbol that Oedipa comes in contact with and tha th is the muted post horn. Oedipa first sees this symbol in the bathroom of a club The Scope, as a part of a small message, more like an add. Fro mthat moment she will see this symbol everywhere she goes. Genghis Cohen will show her the post horn tha ris hidden in a certain stamp collection that was I nthe possession of her late ex-boyfriend, mr Inverarity. Later she will see the same symbol being scribbled on paper by a technician in Yoyodine building, Stanley Koteks. Oedipa even sees it when children draw it in the park and play a game in which they mention Tristero. This post horn, as Oedipa finds out from Cohen, was a symbol of Thurn and Taxis. Their symbol is a post horn, while Tristero uses a muted post horn, probably as a way to mock them. Tristero, as it is given, fought against Thurn and Taxis and lost the battle. Tristero went into the hiding and managed t oreach United States somewhere arund 1853. nd fought the Pony Express and Wells, Fargo, and their agents were always either dressed as outlaws in black or as indians, Oedipa manages to recover a ring fro man old man, Mr. Thoth, who lives in a retirement home bulit by Pierce Inverarity. He tells her that this ring, which ha s the muted post horn engraved on it, was given to him by his grandfather who got it from an indian he killed. However, at one time, Oedipa met a man who wore a pin with the muted post horn: â€Å"What if I told you, â€Å" she adressed the owner of the pin, â€Å"that I was an agent of Thurn and Taxis? † â€Å"What, â€Å" he answered, â€Å" some theatrical agency? †2 Here we have a different story about the origin of the muted post horn. According to his story, this is a symbol of Inamorati Anonymus, a group of people who forsook love, which they see as the worst addiction of all. The creator of the organziation and of the symbol was a Yoyodine executive, who found the Inamorati Anonymus after finding out that his wife was cheating on him. This leads us back to point when Oedipa saw for the first time the muted post horn as a part of the advertisement for this organization, which makes us believe if Tristero really is real or just an organization of people who have forsook love and make sure that no one else ever falls in love are using secretive methods to communicate with each other. Another characteristic of this novel, and another symbol of the Trystero, is the so called WASTE. This can stand as an acronym which means We Await Silent Trystero Empire, which is always written on regular waste bins. This can also stand for a secret undergrounf information network that is used by people who forsook their own lives and chosen t olive I nsecrecy and away form the government. There are even corporations who refuse to use the official postal system, like Yoyodine, and there is also an organization known as Peter Penguid Society, of which Mike Fallopian is the member, who oppose the monopoly of the US Postal Service and are using their own private system. This is a system of information transfer that is used by those who want to remain hidden, secret, and there are signs that Tristero is the runner of it. They use waste bins and their postman, or couriers,are bums and other social missfits. Inamorati Anonymus is the organiztion that openly uses the WASTE system for their communication. These two symbols, the muted post horn and the WASTE system, give us and Oedipa clues about Tristero but the lalso confuse us, brcause as we learn about their connectionwith Tristero, we also learn their other meanings and that they are being used by some other ynderground isoalted groups and organizations. After all this confusion, Oedipa returns to the Jacobean Drama, where she first heard the word Tristero. She comes in contact with Emory Bortz, a proffesor at San Narciso College, for the information about the play itself, especially the Tristero version of the play. Unfortunately, the only person who knew the real story about the play was Driblette, who directed the play Oedipa saw, and he commited a suicide. As we draw near to the end of the novel, we see that Oedipa discovers a great deal of historical Tristero, about its origins. She discovers that it was created around 1577, I nthe Netherlands. After William of Orange achieved independence from Spain and the Holy Roman empire, he replaced the people who were in control of the Thurn and Taxis and Leopold I’s rule, and in their place put a man named Jan Hinckard. However, Hinckard was challenged by his cousin Hernando Joaquin de Tristero y Calavera. Tristero fought a guerilla war against Hinckard from 1578. until 1583. Tristero gives up the fighting and sets up a covert system. However, Oedipa finds out that during 17th Century, Thurn and Taxis struggle to maintain their system ,and this may mena that Tristero was very effective during that time and period. Tristero’s presence as the black coated bandits was confirmed by Proffesor Bortz wh ogave her a book An Account of the Singular Peregrinations of Dr. Diocletian Blobb. Dr. Blobb survived one of their attacks with him being captured by them and sent back to England in order t otell everyone of the power of Tristero. Oedipa in the end managed t odiscover a great deal of historical information about the Tristero, but this did not satisfy her because she still did not know why Driblette mentioned the Tristero in his work, when in the original work there is no mentioning of them at all. Wheteher this is true or not, Oedipa tells everything to Mike Fallopian back at the Scope, where she first saw the muted post horn. Fallopian, after hearing her story and her findings, asks Oedipa if she ever considered the possibility that this may all had been a joke orchestrated by Pierce Inverarity. She did consider this, but refuses to think like that anymore. Later she goes back and again searches through all of the Pierce’s possesions and finds out that Pierce had presence in all the places and had inlfuence on all the people she met. He owned Zapf’s Used Bookstore, where she bought her copy of the Jacobean drama, he also owned the Tank Theater, where she saw Driblette’s production of â€Å"The Courier’s Tragedy†. Proffesor Bortz works at San Narciso College, which was founded by Pierce himself, and even blobb’s Peregrinations were bought at Zapf’s Used Bookstore. Thisl eads her to believe that Fallopian may be right, that all of this was nothing more than joke, a gag produced by Pierce himself. The ending of the novel also does not help us, for it is open ended. Oedipa goes to an auction of Peirce’s stamp collection, which is under the name Lot 49, but that is where it all ends. In a conclusion, we are left confused whether this was all real. Pynchon did a great job of providing the information about the historical founding of the Tristero, but he also filled his novel with other information, all of it made up, even the historical. Instead of finding answers, we find more and more questions. The Crying of Lot 49 shows a fragmented world in which there are always more alternatives, in this world information leads to more information which create more questions and answers. This leads people, like Oedipa in this case, to create various alternate interpretations just in order to create some sort of the bigger picture onto which they will hold to. This entire Tristero conspiracy may have been a joke or a paranoid creation by Oedipa herself, or maybe there is truth behind it all. We will never know. We do know, that there are secret organizations who uses secret and undercover means of communicating, there are people who have secret identities, who seek truth somewhere else. We all live in the world filled with information and symbols and who knows, maybe there is a secret undercover conspiracy by a secret postal system who wants t obring down the monopol of the government’s postal system. Personally, I find this novel to be very interesting because it deals with a mystery and search for the truth. When I read it, I found it hard t ounderstand it in the end, whether this is all true, if there really is Tristero, or maybe this was all just a paranoid dream by Oedipa or maybe even a possibilty that this was all a bad joke by Pierce with Oedipa as its target. Whatever the truth is, we will never really know, for the novel has the open ending, but all quests, all attempts to find some sort of truth end up like that – with more questions than answers and with multiple interpretations of evidence and information. End Notes 1. Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, First perennial fiction library edition, 1986. Pg. 52 2. ibid. , Pg. 111 Bibliography www. wikipedia. org www. sparknotes. com http://www. examiner. com/x-13462-West-Palm-Beach-Literature-Examiner~y2009m7d19-Modernism-v-Postmodernism-part-one-The-Crying-of-Lot-49 http://cl49. pynchonwiki. com/wiki/index. php? title=The_Crying_of_Lot_49 Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, First perennial fiction library edition, 1986