How to Make Fitzroys Storm Glass

Step by step instructions to Make Fitzroys Storm Glass Chief naval officer Fitzroy (1805-1865), as administrator of HMS Beagle, partook in the Darwin Expedition from 1834-1836. Notwithstanding his maritime profession, Fitzroy accomplished pioneer work in the field of meteorology. The Beagles instrumentation for the Darwin Expedition incorporated a few chronometers just as gauges, which Fitzroy utilized for climate estimating. The Darwin Expedition additionally was the primary journey under cruising orders that the Beaufort wind scaleâ was utilized for wind perceptions. Tempest Glass Weather Barometer One sort of indicator utilized by Fitzroy was a tempest glass. Watching the fluid in the tempest glass should show changes in the climate. In the event that the fluid in the glass was clear, the climate would be splendid and clear. On the off chance that the fluid was shady, the climate would be shady too, maybe with precipitation. On the off chance that there were little spots in the fluid, moist or foggy climate could be normal. An overcast glass with little stars demonstrated rainstorms. On the off chance that the fluid contained little stars on radiant winter days, at that point snow was coming. On the off chance that there were enormous drops all through the fluid, it would be cloudy in calm seasons or frigid in the winter. Precious stones at the base demonstrated ice. Strings close to the top implied it would be blustery. Italian mathematician/physicist Evangelista Torricelli, an understudy of Galileo, developed the gauge in 1643. Torricelli utilized a section of water in a cylinder 34 ft (10.4 m) long. Tempest glasses accessible today are less unwieldy and effortlessly mounted on a divider. Make Your Own Storm Glass Here are guidelines for developing a tempest glass, portrayed by Pete Borrows in light of an inquiry posted on NewScientist.com, credited to a letter distributed in the June 1997 School Science Review. Elements for Storm Glass: 2.5g potassium nitrate2.5g ammonium chloride33 mL refined water40 mL ethanol10g camphor Note that man-made camphor, while unadulterated, contains borneol as a side-effect of the assembling procedure. Engineered camphor doesnt function just as characteristic camphor, maybe in view of the borneol. Break down the potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water; include the ethanol; include the camphor. It is encouraged to disintegrate the nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water, at that point blend the camphor in the ethanol.Next, gradually mixâ the two solutionsâ together. Including the nitrate and ammonium answer for the ethanol arrangement works best. It additionally assists with warming the answer for guarantee total mixing.Place the arrangement in plugged test tube. Another strategy is to seal the blend in little glass tubes as opposed to utilizing a stopper. To do this, utilization a fire or other high warmth to pleat and dissolve the highest point of a glass vial. Regardless of what strategy is chosen to build a tempest glass, consistently utilize legitimate consideration in taking care of synthetics. How Storm Glass Functions The reason of the working of the tempest glass is that temperature and weight influence dissolvability, some of the time bringing about clear fluid; different occasions making precipitants structure. The working of this kind of tempest glass isn't completely comprehended. In comparative indicators, the fluid level, for the most part splendidly hued, goes up or down a cylinder because of climatic weight. Absolutely, temperature influences solvency, yet fixed glasses are not presented to the weight changes that would represent a great part of the watched conduct. A few people have suggested that surface communications between the glass mass of the gauge and the fluid substance represent the gems. Clarifications now and then incorporate impacts of power or quantum burrowing over the glass.

Indo Anglian Literature Free Essays

Will Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score - OppLoans

Will Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score - OppLoans Will Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score? Will Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score?It might seem odd, but closing a credit card can actually hurt your score, especially if its one of your oldest cards and/or carries a high credit limit.There are a lot of myths out there surrounding credit scores and credit-related topics. But sometimes a thing that sounds like an urban legend turns out to be true! If you’re skeptical that closing a credit card could hurt your credit score, well, you’re in for a bit of a shock.Yes, it will affect themâ€"probably for the worse.Credit scores are complicated, with a number of factors coming together to make up that single three-digit number. There are many different things you can do to hurt your score and many things you can do to help it. Plus, context matters.If you have multiple credit cards and cancel a card with a modest credit limit that youve only had for a couple of years, there may be very little impact on your credit score,” said Timothy G. Wiedman, professor emeritus of Management and Human Resources at  Doane University (@DoaneUniversity).“On the other hand,” he added, “if you only have two or three credit cards and cancel your oldest card that youve had for a dozen years that had a $15,000 credit limit (and that was the card with your highest limit), it may matter quite a bit.”So what gives?“Credit scores take into account how long youve had your credit card accounts and the percentage of your total credit limits that you utilize,” explained Wiedman. “So if you cancel your oldest account (especially if it has a healthy credit limit), it can matter a lotâ€"especially if you only have one or two other (much newer) cards.”How credit scores work.In this piece, we cover two different parts of your credit score at length. We don’t want you getting lost, so here’s a brief refresher on how credit scores work.Your FICO credit scoreâ€"created by the FICO companyâ€"is a three-digit number between 300 and 850. The higher your score, t he better your credit.FICO credit scores are based on information taken from your credit reports, which track your history as a borrower and user of credit over the past seven years. (Some information, however, will stay on your report for longer.)You score is made up of five different categories of information:Payment history: This makes up 35 percent of your score. Basically, do you pay your bills on time?Amounts borrowed/credit utilization: This makes up 30 percent of your score, and it tracks how much money you’ve borrowed.Length of credit history: This makes up 15 percent of your score. The longer you’ve been borrowing money, and the longer you’ve had revolving accounts (like credit cards) open, the better.Credit mix: 10 percent of your score. What different types of credit (credit cards vs personal loans vs home/auto loans vs student loans) do you have? A more diverse mix is better.New credit inquiries: 10 percent of your score. Have you recently made a bunch of inquirie s for new loans or lines of credit? If you have, maybe that’s a sign that you’re desperate to borrow more money …If you have bad credit and you want to know why, you should order a free copy of your credit report, which you can do by visiting AnnualCreditReport.com. To find out where you need to do better, look at your payment history and your credit utilization. Together, they make up 65 percent of your total score.Closing a card hurts your credit utilization ratio.Whether you get stung when you close a credit card account depends on a measurement known as the balance-to-limit ratio or credit utilization ratio. This compares how much credit is available to you to how much credit you actually borrow,” explained Stephen Hart, CEO of  Cardswitcher.A high balance-to-limit ratio, where you borrow a large amount of money, is usually considered a sign of increased financial risk by lenders and a low balance-to-limit ratio is considered good.”Still not sure how your credit utiliz ation ratio works? Here’s an example from CPA Logan Allec  (@moneydoneright), owner of personal finance website  Money Done Right:“Lets say you have a total credit balance of $4,000 across all your credit cards.  Now lets say you have a total credit limit across all of your credit cards of $20,000. In this case, your total utilization rate is 20 percentâ€"or $4,000 divided by $20,000.“Now, what if one of your credit cards has a $10,000 credit limit, and you cancel it? In this case, your total credit limit across all of your credit cards would go down to $10,000. What would happen to your total utilization rate?  It would skyrocket to 40 percentâ€"or $4,000 divided by $10,000, which could adversely affect your credit score.”For the sake of your credit score, it’s best to keep your credit utilization ratio below 30 percent. Even if you’re paying off your cards every month, you should try to avoid accruing more than 30 percent of your total limit at any one moment in time .And if you’re thinking about closing that one card that has a super high credit limit, maybe don’t.Closing old cards dings your credit history.Remember, the length of your credit history doesn’t just measure how long you’ve been using credit, it also tracks how long you’ve been using specific accounts. The longer you’ve had a credit card, the more it helps your score.“While its not as weighty a factor as payment history or credit utilization,” says Allec, “its still worth paying attention to.” And he’s right! Closing your oldest card will lower the average age of your accounts, likely dropping your score.“This is why I keep my oldest credit cardâ€"the one I opened in collegeâ€"open,” added Allec. “Even though I dont use it because its rewards structure is a boring one percent back on everything.”And if you’re not certain which of your credit cards is the oldest, Allec offered this tip: “Make a list of all of them and see if you can see online which one is the oldest based on their statement dates.”Looking to erase past mistakes? Not so fast. One of the reasons that someone might look to close an old card is because they think it will remove any bad information related to that card from their report.Unfortunately, it will not.Bear in mind that the credit card isnt erased from your credit record straight away,” said Hart. “Negative entries usually stay on your credit record for around seven yearsâ€"so it isnt necessarily a quick fix for making your credit history appear rosier than it actually is.”“The good news,” he added, “is that positive entries stay on your credit record for much longerâ€"usually a decade.Keep them openâ€"just don’t use them.As you can see, the reasons for keeping an old card open are generally more compelling than the reasons to close it. Still, in case you’re not convinced, here are a couple more common reasons that people close their old credit cardsâ€"and ways that you can get around them:“If your newer cards provide better reward deals, just use them as your main cards while using the older, longstanding card once in a while to keep that account active (and keeping its high credit limit as part of your credit file),” said Wiedman.“If you have high balances on other credit cards, you might find that youre faced with charges when you try to close your credit card account. A way to avoid this to make sure that you pay off the balances of all your accounts in full before you try to close any,” offered Hart.“If your reason for wanting to cancel a credit card is its high annual fee, call the credit card company to see if they will waive it for the year,” advised Allec.Just make sure you don’t do one thing, and that’s to start using the card to spend beyond your means and rack up excess debt! To learn more about managing your debts responsibly, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Financial Priorities: Which Debts Should You Pay Off F irst?The Debt Avalanche Will Help You Pay off Debt for LessSo You’ve Maxed out Your Credit Cards … Now What?Student Loans: To Pay or Just to SaveDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsLogan Allec (@moneydoneright) is a CPA and owner of the personal finance website  Money Done Right.    After spending his twenties grinding it out in the corporate world and paying off over $35,000 in student loans, he dropped everything and launched  Money Done Right  in 2017.    His mission is to help everybodyâ€"from college students to retireesâ€"make, save, and invest more money.    Logan resides in the Los Angeles area with his wife Caroline.After working in the financial industry for several years, Stephen Hart left his role as Chief Financial Officer at WorldPay to launch the UK’s first payment processing comparison s ite, Cardswitcher. Nowadays, he helps SMEs save money on their payment processing costs.After 13 years as a successful operations manager working at two different ‘Fortune 1000’ companies, Dr. Timothy G. Wiedman spent the next 28 years in academia teaching college courses in business, management, human resources, and retirement planning.  Dr. Wiedman recently took an early retirement from  Doane University (@DoaneUniversity), is a member of the Human Resources Group of West Michigan and continues to do annual volunteer work for the SHRM Foundation. He holds two graduate degrees in business and has completed multiple professional certifications.

Summary Of The Novel And Stevenson Presentation Of Him

Page-1 Gaurav Khanna Student ID- 200369948 Professor Alexis McQuigge English 100 29 November 2015 Importance of Dr. Lanyon in the novel, and Stevenson presentation of him. Dr. Lanyon was a lively, jovial and chummy guy. Nobody dislikes Dr. Lanyon as he s half-Santa Claus and half-that one awesome high school chemistry teaches who really liked to create explosions and booms. He was not only a funny and childish person but also a gentleman of equal social stature to Mr. Utterson and Dr. Jekyll and above all facts, these three men have been good friends since childhood. However there was a big and strong argument was going on between Dr. Lanyon and Dr. Jekyll about ten years before the events of the novel actually took place. At one point of time Dr. Jekyll referred Dr. Lanyon as a hide-bound pedant from which it can be deduced that he was a more rational, logical, and punctual than his former friend i.e. Dr. Jekyll. Lanyon was a man of science and a strong believer in logic, it can be imagined with this only that would have been pretty much heart robbing for such a gentleman to watch his best friend undergo a supernatural switcheroo from decent and God- fearing to evil-oozing. Such a bad sight would have been a difficult scenario for Lanyon to believe in. Hence, rather than believe it, he choose to die. He is also the only person who actually witnessed the transformation of Jekyll. His account of this incident was found very amusing to the reader. According toShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagestrue moralist. His morality is a saleable morality. He is a moralist-cum-worldly wise man. Bacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in â€Å"Of Envy†, he puts: â€Å"A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.† Then, in his essay â€Å"Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature† he says: â€Å"But inRead MoreAgency Theory: an Assessment and Review9496 Words   |  38 Pagesproblems having a cooperative structure. One day Deng Xiaoping decided to take his grandson to visit Mao. Call me granduncle, Mao offered warmly. Oh, I certainly couldnt do that, Chairman Mao, the awe-struck child replied. Why dont you give him an apple? suggested Deng. No sooner had Mao done so than the boy happily chirped, Oh thank you, Granduncle. You see, said Deng, what incentives can achieve. (Capitalism,1984, p. 62) Agency theory has been used by scholars in accounting (e.gRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesenvironment. A basic premise of thinking about strategy concerns the inseparability of organization and environment. . . . The organization uses strategy to deal with changing environments. †¢ The substance of strategy is complex. Because change brings novel combinations of circumstances to the organization, the substance of strategy remains unstruct ured, unprogrammed, nonroutine, and nonrepetitive †¢ Strategy affects overall welfare of the organization. ... Strategic decisions . . . are consideredRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesImprovement, First Edition Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky, and Simchi-Levi, Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies, Case Studies, Third Edition Sterman, Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for Complex World, First Edition Stevenson, Operations Management, 10th Edition Swink, Melnyk, Cooper, and Hartley, Managing Operations Across the Supply Chain, First Edition Thomke, Managing Product and Service Development: Text and Cases, First Edition Ulrich and Eppinger, Product DesignRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesneglect. The fact that the most recent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at the end of a multiterm sequence of world history units has meant that it often ends up becoming a rushed add-on of rather random, abbreviated capsule summaries and general overviews. In view of the fact that no phase of history can begin to match the twentieth century in terms of the extent to which it has shaped the contemporary world, this marginalization is particularly pernicious and has been at times

Video Game Industry The Revolution - 1117 Words

Adonis Linares-Velasquez 10/06/16 Video Game Industry: The Uprising Video games are luxury items owned by consumers of all ages. A worldwide phenomenon, video games delivered an impact towards social and technological society. The industry is flourishing, and will continue to flourish for the upcoming years. The expansion of such said luxury items comes with its set of pros and cons. Video games are an example of controversy and benefits. As many as ninety-seven percent of US kids age 12-17 play video games, contributing to the billion-dollar video game industry. The unprecedented technological advancements to this entertaining culture have caused many gamers to acknowledge it as the ultimate fantasy. According to many studies, video games can increase aggressive behavior, cause emotional outbursts and decrease inhibitions in many people. Social scientists have been studying and debating the effects of video game violence since the 1980s and such issue is especially relevant today, because the games we see today are more realistic and bloodier than ever. Studies claiming a causal link between video game violence and real life violence are flawed with many studies failing to control the factors that contribute to children becoming violent. For example, family history, family care, mental health, social skills, etc.†¦ Most studies do not follow children over long periods of time, as a result, video game experiments often have children playing a game for as little as tenShow MoreRelatedSteam: The Largest Software and Gaming Community Hub755 Words   |  3 PagesSteam is the largest software and gaming community hub ever used to distribute video games and related media online. 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By the trend that the industry has shown video game popularity is due in part to the industry’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On The Video Game Industry791 Words   |  4 PagesAn Atmosphere Unknown This is the future of the video game industry. Imagine looking through the eyes of your favorite video game character but in reality, you are actual sitting on the couch. Look to the left and you see R2-D2 trying to communicate to you. To the right, you have rebel fighters shooting at storm troopers that are attacking your home planet. Virtual reality lets you do all of this from the comfort of your home. However, Augmented reality lets you do this as well, but it is less virtualRead MoreData Collection And Information Technology Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping to adapt the revolution of information technology and one of them is cloud gaming. The study explains what cloud gaming is, and look at some detail of its overview and general architecture. 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David Hume s Theory Of Knowledge - 1507 Words

David Hume’s statement that the most lively thought is still inferior to the dullest sensation, is a rather divisive, as there are individuals who agree with the statement in question and those who disagree. In order to analyse such statement thoroughly it is crucial to elaborate on concepts such as sensations and impressions and ideas, as well as Hume’s theory of knowledge. David Hume while a sceptic, he was also (Fisher 2011, :527–528) well known for his empiricist, naturalist approach to philosophy.(Warburton,1998 :77) The main idea of philosophical scepticism is that there can be no knowledge without a justification, therefore in order for a belief to be considered as true, there should always be a reason behind said belief. Scepticism is generally a school of thought, where it is deemed impossible to have adequate information behind a thesis;(Perry,Bratman, 2013, :136) David Hume however did not follow the doctrine of the academic sceptics that rejects the e xistence of knowledge. He also questioned the traditional view that humans are mainly rational beings. (Warburton,1998 :78-79) Hume’s work contains empiricist beliefs, since he was an empiricist himself, therefore he acknowledges that the main source of knowledge is sensory experience. Hume uses the term perception for any contents of experience, it can be described as the equivalent of Locke’s idea, a perception occurs when an individual is sensing, feeling, remembering, imagining etc and they are two categories ofShow MoreRelatedDavid Hume And Renee Descartes s Theories Of Knowledge And Ideas1356 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophers David Hume and Renee Descartes have opposing views about the origination of ideas. 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In fact, Kant and Hume have developed a set of views that determine what is right and wrong; very useful to decide whether or not the Baker’s decisions are ethicallyRead MoreEssay about The Regularity View of Causation1721 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Hume is a British empiricist which means that he thought that all knowledge is ultimately rooted in sense experience and that all of our ideas derive from preceding impressions of sense or reflection, this theory had a huge effect on Humes account of causation. In this essay I will look at Humes account of causation and examine if any version of the Regularity View of causation can be defende d. Before we look at the Regularity View of Causation it is important to look at Humes Copy PrincipleRead MoreKant s Philosophy Of Philosophy1220 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, the world was just reeling from the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Immanuel Kant—Father of Western philosophy—entered the picture. 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Marketing M2 free essay sample

Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of a selected organisation’s marketing plans (M2) In this task I will be looking at the limitations of marketing research, and to do this I will be discussing how marketing research can help develop a marking plan. I will also be looking at the weakness of development in a marking plan. I will also be comparing the two techniques, SWOT and PEST in terms of their usefulness. From this task I will be using the Business level 3 Book 1 and a few websites which will be referenced in brackets at the end of each paragraph which needs referencing. How market research can help develop a marketing plan? Market research can help a marketing plan because it will give you the precise and exact information on what is needed to create something successful. An example of marketing research helping a marketing plan is when Sainsburys are bringing out a new flavoured crisp. They are doing this because the old flavour is in decline and not selling anymore. Before Sainsburys unveil their products on their shelves, they need to be sure that the new product will sell, so they do research such as surveys, questionnaires, focus groups etc. With the information they have collected from the research, they then can bring out a product that they are sure many people would buy. Doing research helps because , they are so sure that people would like the product and this will increase the sales drastically if they use this strategy for other products as well. What is a marketing plan? A marketing plan is system used when bring out a new organisation, product, feature etc. Following a marketing plan can turn the thing you are creating into something successful. For example, Sainsburys uses the marketing plan when they are diversifying. Diversifying, means creating a new product for a new market. This is risky as you are not sure, if the product is going to be successful or if it will be a complete failure. Limitations of market research- costs effectiveness, and validity of data collected No matter how small or large a market research project may be, any type of research performed poorly will not give relevant results. In fact, all research, no matter how well controlled, and carries the potential to be wrong. There are many reasons why research may not give good results but a common problem is deciding whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring. Marketers must decide how reliable is the information obtained. Would similar results be obtained if another group containing different respondents or a different set of data points were used? For example, if 50 customers participate in a research study focusing on customer service, is the information obtained from these 50 customers sufficient to conclude how all customers feel about the company `s level of customer service? What if the same study was done again with 50 different customers would the responses be similar? Reliability is chiefly concerned with making sure the method of data gathering leads to consistent results. (Reference : Business level 3 Book 1) Budgetary limitation Budgetary limitation is an important factor when it comes to marketing research. It is important because it involves keeping within a limit when trying to research a successful product. Sainsburys main factor of making a product successful is through advertising. The marketing sector of Sainsburys budget them equally. For example, they would put money aside for advertising, put money aside for primary, secondary, and put money aside for material and labour costs. It can be expensive for Sainsbury’s to gather and process data, many organisations may lack the expertise to conduct surveys to collect primary data whatever the benefits are which would be beneficial to the business. They also may lack the funds to pay special market research groups to collect such data for them. This will mean that organisations including Sainsbury’s will rely on data which is from secondary sources which can be inaccurate but would use them as it would be cheaper. Time limitation When doing research for a new product it is important that you have a period in completing your product. With a big and successful company such as Sainsburys who bring out new products every week, it common that before they start the set out aims and objectives. With the aims and objectives, you can stay on task and bring out a great product. (Reference: http://www.  managementstudyguide. com/limitations-marketing-research. htm) Sainsbury’s have to ensure they make changes regarding customer needs as quickly as possible. This is important because if Sainsbury’s don’t act on customers’ needs they will possibly decline and lose their current market position because customers will go to its competitors such as Asda or Morrison’s etc. This shows that Sainsbur y’s have to make decisions as soon as possible in order to maintain their position in the market and to be better than its competitors through improvement. This will also contribute to Sainsbury’s keeping a good reputation which will also help to attract new customers. Reliability of the data When bringing out a new product for an organisation like Sainsburys it is important that primary and secondary market research that you have collected is reliable and true. If the data that has been collected unreliable, then this could lead to bringing out a new product that will go in decline straight away. Furthermore, there will be a loss in income as the money used to research was a waste. Reliability is an important limitation for market research because any research which Sainsbury`s collect or have collected has to be accurate or it can cause Sainsbury’s to make unnecessary changes or improvements. This means that data quality has to be accurate so in order for Sainsbury`s to achieve the interviewers and representatives should have balanced results and not biased ones as this will lead to inaccurate/anomaly results. Some methods which can be done by Sainsbury’s to insure accurate data is collected can be expensive but will give Sainsbury`s a higher chance to get reliable data. For example if Sainsbury’s conduct a project to gather research it would take them many months in designing it which would lead to a long process for the marketing manager to make any decisions. This means that any research project which is needed to be carried should be organised appropriately and the results/data should be made available to the marketing manager to make any key changes. Legal and ethical constraints The data protection act that was enforced in 1998 is a good example for the legal and ethical constraints when it comes to marketing research. Sainsburys has many competitors, which means that all the information that they collect can be secured. If any competitor was to use the information, they can be taken to court and ultimately be sued. (reference: http://www. tutor2u. net/business/marketing/research-limitations-constraints. html) The data protection act would be a good example for this particular constraint. This is because Sainsbury’s researchers have to be careful when collecting and holding personal data. They have to be sure they keep the data safe and only use it for lawful purposes and also should only be kept for a necessary time period. Furthermore it has to be clear to why data has been collected and the consent of participants must be obtained. There are also various guidelines which are laid down by different organisations as the Market Research Society. This is although not legally binding will encourage Sainsbury’s to deal with members of the public ethically The weaknesses of marketing research in the development of the marketing plan Many weaknesses occur when collecting market research. The types of research that Sainsburys uses are focus groups, face-to-face interviews, surveys and questionnaires and secondary research such as research from the internet. The weakness in focus groups is that if you ask the wrong questions you will get the wrong answers. If you get the wrong answers then you will end up creating a product that people do not want. The same weakness happens to face-to-face interviews. Surveys and questionnaires is an important feature when it comes to creating a new product. However, there are a few weaknesses when it comes to doing it. For example, if Sainsburys want to find out what new flavours of crisp the public would want then they would create surveys and go on the streets. If they go on a miserable Monday at eight oclock in the morning, the likelihood of getting reliable information is very slim. The weaknesses of secondary research is that wherever you got the information from, whether it be from the internet, leaflets etc there is a chance of the information being false and unreliable. Comparison of SWOT and PEST The SWOT and PEST analysis are both very effective, simple methods to show business managers what situation they are in. Using these two analytical techniques they can determine where to go and what to do in future for the company. They must always be used together at all times as when they are used like this they can be put to maximum use. This is because the SWOT looks at all of the internal factors of a business such as the strengths of their marketing operations and also the weaknesses in the business, this could be poor sales in a particular month for example. The SWOT helps identify what the weakness is and how to improve upon it. The PEST is different and looks at the external factors of the business such as the political views and economic state of a country or specific area. When looking at the external factors it gives a stronger sense of security for the business as it knows what is happening outside of the organisation. Like I stated previously, these analytical techniques must always be used together to get an overall view of the business and its problems or achievements. The downside of the PEST analysis is that if you are looking too much at the external factors of your market and not putting enough focus on your internal factors you could end up losing profits and lose focus of the core goals of the business. The PEST requires enormous amounts of market research to get a clear view on what is happening but even when you have gathered this information and put it to use it could still be incorrect because the external factors of any business change all the time and this could be a really frustrating and hard way to evaluate your business. The SWOT analysis also has its downsides as because you have to look at the individual strengths and weaknesses of the business the chances are that the manager will be very biased and won’t want to expose many weaknesses as it may reflect badly upon him. When conducting the SWOT analysis you need someone who is willing to put their hands up and expose the weaknesses of the business and also to not over exaggerate their strengths. It is only this way that a business will really gain anything from the SWOT analysis. Looking at the two in comparison you can clearly state that there is no ‘better’ analysis as without each other they will leave themselves at risk of losing profits. Both require an extensive upkeep, PEST more than SWOT, and constant evaluation of what to do and how to look at the results. There is no doubt that the results for the market research will have to be done monthly or maybe even less than that. When used correctly in coordination they can make up for promising marketing decisions in the future.

Telemachus And Penelope Essay Example For Students

Telemachus And Penelope Essay The disagreement between Telemachus and Penelope arises from differing opinionson the entertainment of Phemius. Phemius is singing the tale of the Greekwarriors of Troy and their homecomings when Penelope descends from her chambersto protest this choice of music. She scolds him, and orders him to stop becausehe has reminded her of Odysseus, whos long lost at sea. Telemachus rebukeshis mother by protesting that the bard has the right to sing anything he wishes. He then sends his mother off to her chambers, declaring that he is the master ofthe house. This clash between Penelope and Telemachus was caused by both. Penelopes fault was that she did not stop to consider Telemachus feelingson the subject. She is so engrossed in her own pain for her lost love that sheis blind to the problems of her son. She does not see his insecurities on hispast and especially his future, or his lack of confidence in himself. Most ofall, she is ignorant to his inner struggle between love and hate for Odysseus. We will write a custom essay on Telemachus And Penelope specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She does not realize his need to learn of his legacy, she only sees her griefand her pain. . She is very detached from the world, and focuses on her griefand pain. Because she is so preoccupied with her own problems, she has neglectedher duties as a mother. She, in her distress, has pushed her son away from her. This disagreement over Phemius only shows the deep chasm that has come betweenthem. As for Telemachus, he makes the same mistakes as his mother in that herefuses to see her side of the issue. He, too, is deeply engrossed in hisproblems that he does not see the deep extent of his mothers pain. Himordering her to leave is a sign that he believes her feelings to be almostinconsequential compared to his. His eagerness to learn of Odysseus greatdeeds seems to overshadow the sadness his mother feels. The tales of the TrojanWar are the only way in which he can come to know his father, who he does notremember, since Penelope obviously avoids the topic entirely. He needs to knowhis legacy. Most importantly, he is searching for a way to justify hisfathers absence, and to justify why he has left Ithaca in such a state ofdisorder. However, his quest for his legacy was not the only reason he had fordefending Phemius. It was also caused by his resentment towards his mother forhaving known his fath er and not telling him about him. He feels that his motherhas prevented him from gaining an understanding of his heritage. Thisdisagreement over Phemius was a window to the anger that Telemachus had towardshis mother for not familiarizing him with the legacy of his father. Anotherreason Telemachus was so quick to rebuke Penelope was his deep desire to exerthis power and his dominance, his rightful dominance over the household. Byordering his mother to leave the hall, he is showing to the suitors that it ishe, not his mother, who has more power. When he declares that he is master ofthe house, partially caused by the newfound courage distilled in him by Athena,he is introducing a new him. This was his opportunity to establish his positionabove the suitors and prepare for his announcement that he will go search forhis father. This disagreement allowed Telemachus to step into the limelight, andexpress himself as a force to be reckoned with. .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 , .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .postImageUrl , .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 , .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:hover , .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:visited , .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:active { border:0!important; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:active , .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402 .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73d2a48cc07fa82e1fd05083053c9402:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism and Christianity EssayMythology

Between Silence and Light essays

Between Silence and Light essays Architecture is a meeting place between the measurable and the unmeasurable. The art of design is not only rooted in the aesthetic form, but in the soul of the work. In Phenomena and Idea, Stephen Holl once wrote, " The thinking-making couple of architecture occurs in silence. Afterward, these "thoughts" are communicated in the silence of phenomenal experiences. We hear the "music" of architecture as we move through spaces while arcs of sunlight beam white light and shadow." Undoubtedly, Holl adopted this concept from its author, Louis I. Kahn. Unquestionably, I am referring to "Silence and Light", a concept created and nurtured by Khan, and one that dominated the later half of his work. Kahn had chosen the word Silence to define the unmeasurable or that which has not yet come to be. According to Khan, the unmeasurable is the force that propels the creative spirit toward the measurable, to the Light. When the inspired has reached that which is, that which known, he has reached the Light. Eloquently expressing the architect's passion for design, Khan wrote "Inspiration is the of feeling at the beginning at the threshold where Silence and Light meet. Silence, the unmeasurable, desire to be. Desire to express, the source of new need, meets Light, the measurable, giver of all presence, by will, by law, the measure of thing already made, at a threshold which is inspiration, the sanctuary of art, the treasury of shadow." Khan believed that in order for architectural theory to be credible, it had to be constructed. Thirty years ago, Khan began one of his most successful executions of the Silence and Light with the Library at Phillips Exeter Academy. This New Hampshire landmark physically illustrates and ideologically embodies many of Khan's concepts and incorporates many of his beliefs, synthesizing them into a tight little package with a powerful punch. The subtleties of materiality coupled with multiple plays of light truly e...

The arguments that Socrates provides of the immortality of the soul in Essay

The arguments that Socrates provides of the immortality of the soul in the book Phaedo by Plato - Essay Example Introduction: An expository claim of immortality of the soul upon death 3. Arguments in support of the claim; A. The opposite argument B. The â€Å"theoretic argument of recollection† C. The â€Å"affinity argument† D. The argument is that relating to â€Å"form of life.† 4. Conclusion. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a critical thinking about Socrates’ presupposition of the â€Å"morality of the soul.† The paper is premised on the claim that human soul is separated from the body by death and this separation is affected by a philosopher’s practice of death. In discussing the relevancy of this paper four arguments shall be considered as stated by Plato’s phaedo. These include the opposite argument that the soul is divinely eternal as opposed to death, the â€Å"theoretical argument of recollection†, the affinity belief and the argument relating to â€Å"form of life. This paper reveals Plato’ s absurd revelation of the end of a Socrates life but then the Socrates was encouraged with the assurance of life after death. This therefore forms the thesis claim of this paper wherein the author underscores the morality of the soul by looking at the effect of death on the mortal being and the assurance of life by the immortality person. ... A person’s body is made up of three segments; that is, the body, soul and spirit. This composition is the mortal being. The body is physical composition which perishes by the catastrophic appearance of death. The spirit can never die and the assurance is that the soul that lives within the spirit shall continue to dwell in the spirit after death hence the immortality. Therefore, the Socrates were outraged by the death that takes away philosophers thus engineering them to explore more about the immortal being and its benefits. When a child is born, he thinks as a child and as that child progresses in life, he or she learns to be an adult. This does not matter whether the child would be a thinker or not but every person has a thought thinking attitude on his or her mind. It differs depending on your intellect and genetics (Weiss63). One school of thought argues that good thinking people should never perish but an opposing school of thought believe that there is no good person an d therefore, whatever happens is absurdity. If this was the yardstick in measuring that lives and who doesn’t, then some class of people would not be considered useful. However, before God, every human creature is useful and important. It is your character and evasion which will determine your ultimate home; that is, hell or heaven. Whom man would consider useless, God considers him important (Weiss60). . This is a clear revelation why death does not distinguish. Good, bad, murderers, hypocrites and people of various sins face death. Death is a unifying factor to all by the justifiable end of life. This is what worried the Socrates until the revelation of the claim about life after death. The author takes a philosophical journey in analyzing this claim upon which the following arguments

Business to Business Office Depot Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business to Business Office Depot Inc - Essay Example Office Depot Inc. recorded revenues of $14,278.9 million during the fiscal year ended December 2005, an increase of 5.3% over 2004. Company could not translate this increase into profitability owing to some intense competition in the sector. As a result the company could generate an operating profit of $348 million during FY 2005, a decrease of 34.3% over 2004 while the net profit was $273.8 million in fiscal year 2005, a decrease of 18.4% over 2004. However the quarterly results for FY 2006 have been quite encouraging so far. The final figures for third quarter indicate an operating profit of $55 millions as compared to $42 million for the same period in 2005. Company is now on a massive expansion spree with newer acquisitions like Papirius with operations in Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary and Slovakia. Office Depot has also entered the biggest consumer market and one of the fastest growing economies i.e. China with the acquisition of AsiaEC, one of the largest dealers of office products and services in China. It is worthwhile here to mention that the company is not dealing with too many retail customers, therefore it is not possible to interview the retail customers as such. The best method to study and analyze a company operating in B2B environment is; i. To sift through the reports from some of the marketing agencies, company's quarterly/ annual reports, newspapers and journals ii. Speaking to some of the business customers and gathering their feedback. Therefore, I carried out this research mainly by studying and analyzing the latest Internal reports, annual reports/ quarterly reports of Office Depot, market research by Datamonitor, newspapers, Journals and other printed materials. In addition I also studied the reports of some of its competitors like Circuit City Group Inc., IKON Office Solutions, Inc., Staples, Inc., Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and United Stationers Inc. SWOT analysis Office Depot is the second largest office products company in the US selling a wide range of office supplies, business machines, computers office furniture and related products through superstores in major regions like North America, Europe and Japan, besides using other channels like contract delivery sales force, and the internet. As compared to other divisions, the North American delivery division has recorded strong growth in fiscal year 2005. Strengths Strong Brand Image: Though a relatively newer company, but Office Depot has been able to establish a strong brand image. In the US, Office Depot has become synonymous with office products. Adopting the tagline "Taking Care of Business" into its logo has further given it a unique identity. The company has successfully finalized a multi-year alliance with NASCAR under which it became NASCAR's official office products partner. This has helped in boosting the brand visibility of Office Depot products. While entering newer markets, like the Asian subcontinent, a strong brand image helps in an easy and formidable entry. Balanced Product Mix: Product mix of Office Depot includes branded office products and own brands with general office supplies, computer supplies, business machines and related supplies, and office furniture under various labels, including Office

The Singapore An Aging Population Economics Essay

The Singapore An Aging Population Economics Essay Ageing is the accumulation of physical, physiological and social changes in a person over time. It is a phenomenon that every individual is bound to experience. Therefore, it is only natural for one to hope to live in a society that respects, supports and caters to various needs of the elderly. Today, governments around the world are facing the tough challenge of providing adequate healthcare and housing for the elderly. Due to the possible ineffective allocation of funds or the lack of concern for its elderly citizens by the government, there is a possibility that a large proportion of the aged are neglected and are left scrounging for basic necessities while struggling with myriad health issues associated with age. Singapore currently has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, it also has an extremely low birth rate and an appallingly high rate of ageing. Approximately 10% of the population of 5 million is aged over 65. This figure will increase to about 25% by the year 2020. With such shocking statistics, many questions come to mind. A young man may worry about how he will find the means to support his elderly parents as well as his own family.   A woman close to retirement may be concerned about her future and wonder whether she would have to perform menial jobs to make ends meet. It is the duty of any government to give priority to the needs and demands of its citizens and take steps to address them. Thus, Singapores Government has to formulate policies that address the possible problems of an aging population and take preventive measures to counter the same. Stakeholders Involved Before attempting to solve the problems of Singapores aging population, it is critical to identify the stakeholders involved. By studying the effects of an ageing population on these stakeholders, the potentially negative effects of this issue can be mitigated, and future problems can be anticipated. Especially with the ever-changing social demographics and economic conditions, the inter-connectedness of the pressure which an aging population would exert on our country as a whole should not be underestimated, especially during the phase when identified secondary social stakeholders transit to primary social stakeholders. Primary stakeholders include: 1) Senior citizens Senior citizens are the very group of people to experience the most impact as their well-being is at stake. General concerns for these group of stakeholders include: Would the future generations be able to support the increasing proportion of senior citizens? Are infrastructure and public services elderly-friendly? Will the Singapore Government introduce more schemes and policies aimed at improving the situation? 2) Working Singaporeans As an ageing population increases demand for healthcare and other services, the financial pressure on Singaporeans rises too as the taxes they contribute to support these services increases. This decreases the income they bring home and directly affects their spending power. 3) Singapore Government With a shrinking workforce, a drop in the economic growth rate is inevitable. The government is responsible for the introduction of suitable policies to contain the situation. Besides, the government has to ensure that Singaporeans adopt an optimistic view on the matter and create nation-wide awareness on the impacts of an ageing population. Secondary stakeholders include: 1) Future generations Currently, the implications of an ageing population have yet to fully present themselves and the Singapore Government is absorbing most of the effects at current situation. However, if statistical studies prove right and the proportion of senior citizens to working Singaporeans increases, the effects would be more severe and Singaporeans would have to share the burden of supporting the ageing population in later years. Therefore, our future generations will also face the same negative effects of the ageing population that current Singaporeans face. 2) Businesses As Singapores population is growing older, there will be a relatively fewer number of people in the working sector. Businesses and organisations will be affected by the lack of young and skilled workers. As a result, additional funds may have to be spent on trainings to help the older workers master new skills. Furthermore, due to higher taxes burden on households,   purchasing power of individuals will decrease significantly. This will eventually affect the growth of businesses. The secondary stakeholders neither directly affected nor involved in the problem. Future generations have yet to be affected by the problem of ageing. When the situation worsens in future, our descendants will have to support their elders and will also be affected by higher taxes. They will subsequently become primary stakeholders. As we can see, large sections of the society are affected by this issue and will continue to be affected by the continuous increase of ageing population. Hence, immediate steps have to be taken in order to minimize the damages caused by this issue. Figure 1 (insert) The Implications Of An Aging Population Singapore has one of the highest proportions of elderly citizens in the world, and second only to Japan in South East Asia. (Suan Ee Ong, 2010). http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/reference/sif2012.pdf 1. Society The Declining Standards of an Individuals Health Research suggests that as individuals age, they are increasingly prone to numerous health risks. The risk of malnutrition heightens with age with 3 in 10 elderly at high risk. (http://www.asicluster3.com/blog_self/index.php?page=viewentryid=133)   As a person ages, problems like diabetes or parkinsons sets in, along with dietary restrictions. One can also expect an overall deteriorating quality of physical health. For instance, psychomotor skills deteriorate, resulting in stifled physical independence.   Osteoporosis, a disease in which causes the bones to become less dense affects large numbers of our elderly. Additionally, mental health starts deteriorating with the onset of illnesses like dementia and depression. As one ages, quality of health will undoubtedly follows a downward trend. Coupled with an increasing number of citizens aged 65 and above. this leads to a decrease in the standard of health over a period of time. This would in turn give rise to new industries and businesses revolving around health care, with niche specialisations in care for the aged. It is important for the society   to provide services that target the aged. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that not all of   the aged will be in need of health care services if society helped them lead an active lifestyle. Therefore, the population growth forecasted in future years, urban economic countries will lack the appeal to attract immigrants. (Kresl, Peter Karl Letri, Daniele (2010)) Being a small country with low birth rate, Singapore may face some challenges in attracting foreign talent to our city in future. Therefore, our society may face difficulties in employing a sufficiently skilled workforce to maximise output. Effects On Future Generations As the population ages, there will be an increasing demand for goods and services in the healthcare sector. A governments duty is to serve its people, and society as a whole would expect basic health care services to be provided. Consequently, there will be   increased pressure on the government to provide for health care. Monetary costs would be incurred and would be passed on to society in the form of increased taxes. With the dismal birth rates we see today (1.22 births per woman in 2011, down from 1.83 in 1990), tax burdens on future generations (who will then become primary social stakeholders) will only increase as time goes by. (Department of Statistics Singapore. (2012)) There is an inverse relationship between the dependency ratio (percentage of the population who are too old or too young to work) and birth rate of a country. Naturally, an increasing dependency ratio can be attributed   to a declining birth rate.   If the birth rate continues to stagnate or drop, the dependency ratio would only increase at a faster rate in the future. This translates into a heavier burden on the working population to maintain economic growth and to provide for dependent citizens. The Reverence of The Silver Generation to Society It is evident that the elderly exert a major influence on our social fabric. They carry with them the cultures, traditions and values that make our country what it is today. The hard work and time that they put in to raise educated, motivated and refined citizens of this generation is the reason why our country has reached this level of success. As the saying goes, with time comes wisdom. Therefore, the silver generation is much revered, and as per asian cultures, due respect and care should be given to them. As the elderly before us have served the country by contributing to it in various aspects, Singapores government should have a sense of filial piety to them. Since the government is a primary social stakeholder involved in the issue of an ageing population, it has introduced many government initiatives to solve arising problems. Summing Up To handle the implications of an aging population, we should seek to improve elderly standards of living and encourage them to contribute to society even at an age past retirement. The government should also take up initiatives to help senior citizens fit in and continue to be part of the workforce even at a ripe old age. 2. Businesses Due to the rapid growth of an ageing population, there are certain issues that may arise. Productivity Issues In Organisations A large proportion of senior citizens in a population indicates a decline in size of a productive workforce.   According to the UNs latest biennial population forecast, the median age for all countries will rise from 29 to 38 years by 2050. (SOURCE) We may safely assume that the dependency ratio will increase dramatically over the next few decades. Organizations looking to expand productivity would be reluctant to hire older workers. Those following a profit maximising model opine that it would be more cost efficient to hire younger workers due to their higher productivity. Additionally, during periods of recession, more often than not, older workers are among the top few in the retrenchment list. However, this contrasts   the fact that older workers bring with them a plethora of experience and wisdom, which can only be gained over time.   Despite cost inefficiency, it is unfair to be against the notion of hiring of older workers. Singapores government foresaw these issues and implemented new legislations to curb age discrimination at the workplace. As of 1 Jan 2012, under the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA), the statutory retirement age was set at 62, and companies have to offer re-employment contracts to workers up to the age of 65. http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx With these new initiatives, it can be seen that the government is indirectly engaging all business organisations through legislation. These businesses, which were once secondary social stakeholders, are now evolving into primary social stakeholders in this issue of an aging population. Increase In Demand For Health Care   Elderly-Specific Facilities Many countries, including Singapore, have been working towards providing better care, not just in clinics and hospitals, but also within the community and at home. To enhance accessibility for the elderly, the government has taken up many initiatives and projects to improve   living conditions for the elderly. For example, the Enhancement for Active Seniors (EASE) programme implemented by Singapore government introduced slip-resistant bathrooms and even installed grab bars within flats. Other projects include life upgradation, building   of   barrier-free features such as ramps and the levelling of steps . In order to provide a more accessible healthcare services, the Singapore government has given more emphasis on home and community-based services, which include the expansion of social rehabilitative care places . More subsidies have also been introduced to support the poor and those from middle-income families.    The growing ageing   population has resulted in the growing demand for facilities and the expansion of subsidies which is putting great pressure on government. Government spending on health care is estimated to increase even further in the future   as more money is required to support new initiatives and expansion of the existing initiatives. There is also a need to hire more health professionals, for which more resources and funds are required. As a result, the allocation of the budget towards healthcare is expected to rise as related spending would increase to about twice by 2030. http://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/My+Money/Story/A1Story20080627-73309.html 3. Government Government policies not only have a positive impact on the lives of the elderly, but may also have a negative impact on businesses. Business owners may feel restricted by such employment policies and may decide to move out of Singapore. They may also stop supporting the government in the elections . The government relies heavily on taxes from small and large businesses for its sources of revenue. If these businesses were to change location or move out of Singapore due to restrictive policies, revenues would fall. A drop in revenue would mean that the government has less to spend on other facilities for its people. Furthermore, relocation of businesses would result in widespread loss of local jobs. The result is a higher dependency ratio, higher unemployment rate, less revenue for the government and the slowing down of the economy. Thus, the government should ensure that any policy related to ageing does not anger or upset the sentiments of various businesses and should keep in mind what is at stake. Summing Up Let us consider the repercussive chain of effects of aging population. Firstly the number of people in the workforce would drop, with a corresponding increase in the dependency ratio. This translates into a drop in output /productivity of individual businesses and the economy as a whole. As Singapores GDP is very dependant on both our import/export sectors and consumerism this could cause Singapores economy to go into a slowdown. One might argue that there would be an increase in the growth due to the consumption of more healthcare. However the drops in productivity would be greater than the increase in consumption of healthcare. Eventually, there will be an increased burden on the current workforce to maintain economic growth. Finally, if nothing is done, a vicious cycle commences, and future generations would find it increasingly difficult to provide for the previous generations and support the economy. (Picture Singapores indicator of ageing) Actions Taken By Singapores Government Singapores government recognises that the increase in the ageing population will lead to several consequences that will affect all sections of society, as well as the economy of the country. Hence, in order to support the older population, the government has put in place various policies and introduced new   schemes. In 2004, the government set up the Committee on Aging Issues. This committee comprised of   private and government representatives who came together to discuss issues related to ageing.   The recommendations for solutions related to these issues were presented in a report and were passed for implementation. They aimed at enhancing employability, improving healthcare facilities, promoting active lifestyles and financial independence. The government also aims at establishing concrete facts about our population and conducts frequent surveys to gauge the physical and mental health of seniors. It also identifies areas to improve the wellbeing of its citizens. (Reference: http://app1.mcys.gov.sg/Portals/0/Topic/Issues/EDGD/Brief%20on%20Ageing%20Population%20(Public).pdf) 1. Housing As seen from Figure 1 (Singapore: Indicators of Ageing), the proportion of Singaporeans aged 65 and above will significantly rise in the coming years. Hence, there is a need for the government to introduce schemes that provide adequate housing that caters to the needs of elderly such as their health, mobility and security, which is of utmost importance. Some schemes that the government introduced were the Multi-Generation Flats in 1987 and Granny Flats in 1991. However, they were not very well received. A more successful initiative was the implementation of Project LIFE ( Lift Improvement and Facilities Enhancement for Elderly). (Reference: http://asiaforum.tsaofoundation.org/pdfDownloads/Day1/D1_plenary/plenarySession_1/Housing%20developments%20for%20ageing%20population%20in%20Spore%20-%20yap%20chin%20beng.pdf) This proposal aims at creating lifts in Housing Development Board (HDB) flats so that every floor is serviced, for the convenience of the elderly and the handicapped. The government expects complete adoption of this plan in all HDB flats by 2014. In addition, integrated studio apartments were also incorporated into each housing block and came with spaces for social and communal gatherings. In the year 2011, the government introduced the idea of barrier-free housing environments which involved the building of handicap ramps and pathways to facilitate easy movement of wheelchairs. Therefore, continuous modification of housing landscapes aims at meeting the needs of citizens and to provide a comfortable shelter for each and every senior citizen. 2. Transport Public transport has also seen improvements and is somewhat more elder-friendly. In 2006, MRT stations were modified and made barrier free. Today, approximately forty percent of our buses are wheelchair accessible. 3. Encouraging re-employment Due to the negative impacts of ageing population on the workforce productivity, the government has seen the importance to tackle on this problem so as to sustain economic growth. Hence, the 2005 appointment of a Tripartite Committee (government, employers and trade union) on Employability of Older Workers by the Minister for Manpower addressed the issue by implementing several measures (Thang, L. (2011)). One of the measures is the the enactment of Retirement and Re-Employment Act (RRA) which was put into effect on 1 Jan 2012. The Tripartite Committee formed the Tripartite Implementation Workgroup to help employers carry out this initiative. In October 2007, the Tripartite Implementation Workgroup formed by the Tripartite Committee was to assist companies in the implementation of the re-employment measures. In order to further encourage the implementation of re-employment schemes for older workers, companies were given financial support of up to $400,000 for policies that were placed in line with the re-employment legislation. Workforce Development Agency also subsidized the re-training programmes that were put in place by employers. in addition, Continuing Education and Training (CET) master plan was launched in 2008 by the Ministry of Manpower to provide trainings for employees so that they will be equipped with skills that keep up with the pace of the fast-growing industries. While the government attempts to encourage re-employment of older workers, they have to ensure that younger employees and employers are willing to accept them. This is because older workers are generally perceived as unproductive and inflexible. Hence, measures have been put in place foster an age-friendly working environment. This is done by introducing national awards to acknowledge companies with the most progressive and unbiased practices. The Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP) has also put in place many guidelines to advocate on fairness and to discourage discrimination of the old-aged employees. (Thang, L. (2011)) Hence, by encouraging the older employees to continue working, and   by changing mindsets to accept older workers, Singapores workforce and output can be maintained at the current level of integrity. The Tripartite Implementation Workgroup was a relative success as by February 2009, 706 unionized companies have committed to re employment while 4650 workers over age 62 were re-employed by the end of 2008. (Thang, L. (2011)) 4. Ensuring financial stability for the aged Due to the decreasing fertility rate in Singapore, there will be a heavier financial burden on the future generations, and it is possible that the older generation may not be financially independent. The Workfare Income Supplement (WIS) Scheme was introduced in 2007 to ensure that Singaporeans will have sufficient savings for their retirement. This scheme encourages the older workers who are earning low-paying salary to continue working so that they can accumulate more CPF savings.   In order to supplement higher take-home pay and reduced CPF rates, the Government began to give elderly workers part of the WIS in cash so that they can afford for their basic needs. (Reference:http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/Workfare.html) Furthermore, due to the increase in life expectancy, the government plans to increase the Minimum Sum Draw-Down age from 62 to 65 by the year 2018. There were also plans to introduce a longevity insurance scheme. This will ensure that CPF members can be assured of a basic income as long as they live. (Reference:http://app1.mcys.gov.sg/Portals/0/Summary/pressroom/03-2008.pdf) 5. Healthcare In face of the current trend that can be observed in Singapore, it is essential that healthcare services are improved to cater to the needs of the older population. Thus, the Ministry of Health introduced a Chronic Disease Management Programme which empowered physicians to adopt a holistic approach in the treatment of diseases. Furthermore, the ElderShield Scheme for the disabled was enhanced in 2007 to help increase affordability of medical services by paying $400 per month for up to 6 years. There was a 60% improvement from the previous scheme.    http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/costs_and_financing/schemes_subsidies/ElderShield.html In addition, the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) are also conducting   a review of eldercare services aimed at bettering facilities such as daycare centres, rehabilitation centres and home help services . The concept of active ageing was developed by the European Commission in 2002. It brings forward the idea of higher retirement age and longer period of activity in the workforce. It has been proven that leading an active and directional life improves the overall well-being of an individual and helps keep illnesses and diseases at bay. Active ageing was introduced by the Singapore government in order to ensure self sufficiency of citizens after retirement. It established the Council for Third Age(C3A) in May 2007 to promote active ageing and fund community-based events related to active ageing. In addition, due to the increase in degenerative diseases that require expensive treatment, the concept of active ageing is gaining more importance. It is said that the cost of treatment for the older generation will cost two to three times more than that needed for the younger population. (Reference: http://www.asiaone.com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20071031-33327.html) What Does the Future Hold? Our population is ageing at a rate faster than in countries such as Australia, South Korea, UK and the USA. (ref first article in dropbox) . The number of citizens aged 65 and above will show a sevenfold increase by the year 2050. So what does this mean for our future? Firstly, our country will be more prone to external invasion. Presence of an ageing population is an indicator that our defense is weakening. We will have fewer young people to fill the ranks of the army, and fewer physically fit citizens to defend us in times of need. Our future and survival will be threatened. Secondly, economic growth will slow down. Singapore will no longer be seen as a hub of young, talented and competitive individuals by global MNCs. They may no longer want to invest and set up their offices here. Furthermore, with fewer individuals to pay income taxes, the government will have less money to spend on healthcare, infrastructure,etc. As a result, taxes will increase, leaving people less to spend on themselves and their family. The demand for healthcare services will rise, but will not be sufficiently subsidised by a government which does not have enough resources. Singapore is at the brink of entering a vicious cycle . If immediate short-term and long-term measures are not taken, we are bound to find ourselves moving backwards and reaching a rate of growth similar to what we had many decades ago. Our recommendations 1. Enhancing senior citizens value in the organization through empowerment In line with the re-employment policies the government has in place, we suggest that organizations create appointments and titles specially aimed at empowering senior citizens. They should ensure that   these creations are aligned with the capabilities of these senior citizens. Likewise, existing positions should   be modified according to their capabilities. The purpose of this   is to enhance their value and well-being in the workplace where they are often regarded as liabilities more than assets. With such initiatives, senior citizens will be able to perform better, with more flexibility and recognition within the organization. This also widens the operating structure of organizations, allowing for more variety of specialization. At the same time, organizations could tap into their experience and expertise, especially for crisis management and advisory roles. Even within the Singapore Cabinet, forefather Lee Kuan Yew is still actively involved in local politics at the age of 89 and the titles Minister Mentor and Senior Minister were specially created to continuously empower him. 2. Continuous active promotion of healthy aging from small communities Presently, Senior Citizens Executive Committees (SCECs) under the Peoples Association (PA), the largest senior citizens network in Singapore, organizes a wide variety of activities and courses aimed at enhancing senior citizens life experiences. They are usually conducted at a national level, and seldom reach out to the smaller communities. The government could engage Resident Committees (RCs) and Community Centres (CCs) in neighbourhoods to aid in promoting healthy aging. Subsidised or sponsored activities could be one alternative to attract senior citizens to actively exercise healthy aging. Constant awareness can be achieved through newsletters and pamphlets mailed to letterboxes. 3. Strengthening family ties It is important for our society to realise the value and importance of senior citizens. They should not be viewed as burdens; instead they should be seen as extraordinary citizens who brought us as well as our country to the position we are in today. Hence, it is expected that we, the younger generation, give them the deserved care and respect without any ulterior motive in mind. We feel that the indoctrination of these strong values should begin at a young age.   Special programmes should be introduced into schools in order to promote togetherness within the family. Children should be educated about the importance of elders in society and should be taught to always show them respect and kindness. The media can also play a role an important in this process by occasionally publishing articles that portray the elderly in a good light.

Dual Structure in Japan :: essays papers

Dual Structure in Japan What do you understand by the term â€Å"dual structure of an economy†? How do you explain the dual structure of manufacturing industry in Japan? The word â€Å"dual† has the meaning of double, twofold or in two parts according to The Australian Oxford Dictionary (1996). Applying the word to an economic context, I would describe the term â€Å"dual structure of an economy† to indicate the co-existence of two different sectors alongside each other with disparities in technology and productivity between them. Take for instance, the existence of a traditional primary sector along with a modern non-primary sector constitutes to a â€Å"dual structure†. Duality can exist within a particular sector of the economy. The existence of traditional subsistence agriculture alongside export agriculture among the Southeast Asian countries during colonial period is an example of duality within a sector. Minami (1994, p.239) defined â€Å"dual structure† to mean the existence of two distinct sectors; one that has modern technology, a high capital-labour ratio, high labour productivity and wages, against another one, which has all the opposite characteristics. Therefore, one can infer that if large-scale industries with high capital intensity (K) were promoted at the stage in which labour supply (L) is relatively abundant then differentials in labour productivity (Y/L) and the wage rate would arise and lead to a dual structure. For Japan, three characteristics of the economy indicated the existence of a â€Å"dual structure†. First, the coexistence of a very low unemployment rates and continued low incomes in agricultural and small business. Second, the existence of large (â€Å"industrial giants†) and small scale firms within the manufacturing sector. Third, the existence of peculiar characteristics of the labour market such as enterprise unions, wages differentials according to the size of the firm and long term employment (Odaka, 1967 p.50). Furthermore, duality existed in the manufacturing sector too. In general, â€Å"dual structure† of the Japanese economy began before the Second World War as seen in a widening of income differential between agricultural and non-agricultural. The widening income differential was due to two main reasons. Firstly, productivity differential widen as productivity in the industrial sector increases faster due to relative ease in technology borrowing than productivity in agriculture. Secondly, the existence of surplus labour in traditional industries has tended to hinder increases in productivity due to limited arable land for agriculture so the farmland area per worker increased very slightly.

Simple Stimulus Learning

a. Explain the concept of habituation. The American Heritage Dictionary defines habituation in terms of psychology is the decline of a conditioned response following repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus. That is an action done over and over in response to a specific situation. One way we learn is by repetition of a specific response across a number of situations (Carducci, 2002). The more we do something the more we have learned it. Then when exposed to the stimulus (an agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a response), regardless of situation, then we perform the behavior. Habituation takes place in small children when trying to teach a new concept or in adults with amnesia when needing to learn a lost skill. Schools use habituation for spelling test and new math concepts. On Mondays students are given the list of spelling words, then each day the write out the words [five times each], find the definitions of each word, write the words in sentences, and then tested on the spelling of each word on Friday. A person suffering from amnesia that lost the knowledge of driving can regain the skill through habituation. b. Analyze the factors that affect perceptual learning. As with most learning, positive reinforcement or rewards have played a factor in how quickly and adequate we learn. Perceptual learning occurs when there is repeated exposure to a specific stimulus followed by a reward, in the form of praise, monetary, or good feelings. It has been proposed that perceptual learning may occur through a reinforcement process, in which consistently pairing stimuli with reward is sufficient for learning (Franko, 2010). In the spelling test example above the positive reinforcement in learning the spelling words is the grade received on the spelling test. Another important factor to perceptual learning is that the stimulus is recognizable and the reinforcement is desirable. In the amnesia case above the person knew how to drive at one time, and currently has a driver’s license (their reinforcement). They would be more inclined to want to learn to drive again to regain independence and also to utilize the already have license. c. Examine the effects of stimulus exposure. If used correctly stimuli have the intended effect of response and learning. The same stimuli will not work the same on everyone, and will not always produce the same response. A good stimulus done correctly will have a positive effect with the desired response (Mundy, 2009). Just as a bad stimuli done incorrectly will have a negative effect with either no response or the opposite desired response (Mundy, 2009). A stimuli that is exposed to too quickly will result in false memory; person replaces what they think they saw (the lost exposure) with an image from memory and report that as what they saw. Schedule of exposure to similar stimuli contributes to the degree of perceptual learning over and above the amount of exposure in a variety of species and stimuli (Mundy, 2009).

End Human Trafficking Intervention Plan Paper - 1910 Words

Assessment of the Problem Human trafficking is the form of modern day slavery and it is a worldwide problem that affects our local communities. Human trafficking presents itself in two forms: sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Human trafficking touches people of all ages: children, young adults, and the elderly. Human trafficking is defined as, â€Å" the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat of use of force or other forms of coercion, or abduction,† (Lightfoot, p.1, 2013). According to the San Josà © Police Department there are approximately 600,000 to 800,000 people that are trafficked across international borders each year. Out those 800,000 people it is estimated that 18,000 to 20,000†¦show more content†¦He also states that government agrees that human trafficking is a problem, however, only about 15 million dollars has been invested over the past seven years. Acosta states that the tools needed are there, but there is a lack of wi ll in the political power, not enough public awareness, and that there are not enough resources. On a statewide level in California there are task forces assigned to combat human trafficking. In San Josà ©, California the task force assigned to fight against human trafficking is the San Josà © Police Department and Community Solutions. There are other agencies such as the YWCA that collaborate with law enforcement, legal advocates and pro-bono attorneys, victim service providers, faith communities and community activists. The most common human trafficking in the South Bay is Commercially Sexually Exploited Children, although sex trafficking of women and labor trafficking still occur. Community efforts include the Not for Sale campaign that provides awareness and resources for victims and at risk individuals. There is also currently a conference that is going to be held through FIGHT (What does this stand for?). 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